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EoY Geog Yr 7 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Warmest month at McMurdo and temp

A

January, -3 degrees celsius

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2
Q

Coldest month at McMurdo and temp

A

August, -27 degrees celsius

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3
Q

annual temperature range

A

24 degrees celsius

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4
Q

average monthly temp

A

-16.6 degrees celsius

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5
Q

wettest month(s), how much precipitation falls?

A

March, May, June. 25mm

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6
Q

driest month(s) how much precipitation?

A

October, November. 5mm

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7
Q

total annual precipitation

A

190mm

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8
Q

why are McMurdo’s seasons the opposite of ours?
why does Antarctica experience 24 hours of daylight per day, and 24 hours of darkness of darkness

A

Because they are on the other side of the globe.
Because of the tilt of the earth on its axis, it is ‘hidden’ from the sun at all times in southern hemisphere winter, whereas during the summer, it is exposed to it, even at night

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9
Q

reasons why antarctica is the world’s coldest continent (max. 3)

A

curvature of earth (which is greatest near the poles) causes the sun’s rays to be much more spread out here than near the equator; world record lowest temperature recorded in 1983 - -89 degrees celsius; white ice and snow reflect the majority of sunlight straight back into space high albeto

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10
Q

reasons why Antarctica is the world’s driest continent (max. 3)

A

Low temperatures mean little evaporation, so there is little atmospheric moisture
Very cold air holds very little moisture, so therecan be very little precipitation
Even in its wettest places, Antarctica receives less than 200mm of precipitation per year. The McMurdo Dry Valleys have seen no rain for 2 million years

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11
Q

Reasons why Antarctica is the world’s windiest continent (max. 3)

A

With no trees and very few landscape features, there is very little friction to slow the air down
The Antarctic ice sheet is like a giant, upturned bowl. Cold, dense air surges very quickly down from the top fo the dome, in what is known as a KATABATIC WIND
The highest wind speed recorded in Antarctica was 199mph

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12
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the living things (e.g. plants and animals) in an area, and how they interact with each other and their non-living environment (e.g. temperature, rainfall, rocks)

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13
Q

Food chain

A

A diagram showing how plants and animals in an ecosystem get their energy - what they eat and what they get eaten by

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14
Q

Food web

A

A diagram showing all the interacting food chains within an ecosystem

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15
Q

Producer

A

A plant at the bottom of the food web - it doesn’t eat anything, but it gets its energy from sunlight via the processes of photosynthesis

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16
Q

Consumer

A

An animal that gets its energy by eating plants and/or animals

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17
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal that eats only plants

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18
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that eats other animals

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19
Q

Omnivore

A

An animal that eats both plants and animals

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20
Q

Top carnivore

A

An animal at the top of the food chain; it isn’t eaten by anything else

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21
Q

How many people visited Antarctica in 2018?

A

50,000

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22
Q

How much does a 2 week cruise to Antarctica cost?

A

12,000 - 20,000 per person

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23
Q

Reasons why people travel to Antarctica

A

People have become richer
Transport is better than before
Many are very well-traveled – Antarctica is one of the few new destinations left
Wildlife
Nature
Internet and social media = more awareness
‘best chance to see feeling’ because of climate change

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24
Q

Rules for tourism

Study These Flashcards
A

One ship a time
No contamination (e.g. rubbish)

25
Trends in tourism
number of people visiting Antarctica increasing
26
Anomalies in tourism
decrease between 2008 - 2010/11 due to global financial crash
27
How the treaty protects Antarctica
ATS has maintenance peaceful international cooperation in Antarctica Brought together many different nations, even when they had conflict elsewhere in the world There has been no armed conflict in Antarctica since the treaty has been signed ATS has permitted Antarctic science to flourish, and many issues fo global concern such as the ozone hole has been solved by research in Antarctic ATS has limited environmental damage within Antarctica
28
Negative results by the ATS
ATS does not provide any benefits to countries unable to pay for expensive scientific programmes within Antarctica ATS has been focused only on easily solved problems, whilst avoiding fundamental problems It is a 'rich man's club' run by a select group for their own benefit Much of the science done there is to disguise territorial claims or potential rights to mineral exploitation.
29
When did the Big Bang take place?
About 13.8 billion years ago
30
What happened when Earth was still hot soft rock?
A smaller planet struck it, throwing rock and dust into space
31
How were oceans formed?
As the crust cooled, water vapour was produced. This rained down on Earth to form oceans
32
When did the Sun form?
4.6 billion years ago
33
When did the first living cells form on Earth? How?
3.9 billion years ago. Earth was bombarded by meteorites, which brought special compounds that formed the first living cells on Earth
34
What happened 2 million years later from the Big Bang?
The first star - which was formed of hydrogen gas - appeared
35
How long did it take for Earth to form a hard crust?
Over millions of years
36
How was the moon formed?
It was formed by rocks and particles from when a smaller planet struck Earth. Gravity pulled these debris together to form the Moon.
37
How were planets in the solar system form?
Gravity caused dust and gases to swirl around the sun. These grouped together to form planets, including Earth - 4.5 billion years ago.
38
What are the names of the Eons?
The Precambrian Eon and the Phanerozoic Eon (ours)
39
What are the names of the Eras?
Paleozoic (ancient life), Mesozoic (middle life), Cenozoic (recent life)
40
What are smaller than Eras?
Periods
41
Where did humans first appear? When did we begin to migrate from there?
East Africa, 60,000 years ago
42
How long did it take for humans to migrate to Britain?
Around 40,000 years
43
Where do Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, and Equator
Tropic of Cancer North, Equator in the middle, Tropic of Capricorn South
44
Name 3 countries in North Africa
Morocco, Sudan, Egypt
45
Name 3 countries in West Africa
Mali, Niger, Chad
46
Name 3 countries in East Africa
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia
47
Name 3 countries in Central Africa
Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon
48
Name 3 countries in Southern Africa
South Africa, Botswana, Namibia
49
Why is West Africa is so densely populated?
It has many mineral resources (for example, diamonds in Sierra Leone and oil in Nigeria) that supports mining and drilling industries
50
Why is Central Africa so sparsely populated?
It is covered in dense tropical rainforest. The climate is oppressively hot and humid and the soils are very infertile, so it is hard to grow crops
51
Why is Southern Africa so sparsely populated?
The Drakensburg Mountains have slopes that are too steep for easy building of settlements and other infrastructure
52
4 countries in Horn of Africa and Capital cities
Somalia- Mogadishu Ethiopia- Addis Ababa (landlocked) Eritrea- Asmara Djibouti- Djibouti
53
Human activities in Somalia
Mainly fishing community Piracy due to violation of Somalia's Exclusive Economic Zone during conflict in the country (rights to sea = seafloor up to 370km from the coast. This affected the global economy as they had to add security to their ships now. Nomads- challenges include competition for grazing, unreliable rains, and conflict due to the civil war in Somalia
54
Human activities in Ethiopia
Salt mining in Danakil Depression- one of the hottest and most hostile places on Earth, with no protection from the sun such as trees. Here, they mine for salt for a very low wage Coffee farming- coffee comes from red berries that grow on wild bushes on the mountain slopes fo the Ethiopian Highlands. Coffee farming requires high temperatures and lots of precipitation
55
What is the British Isles?
An Archipelago (collection of islands) with 2 main islands- Britain and N. Ireland. There are thousands of even smaller islands.
56
What is Britain?
An island mad up of 3 nations - Scotland, Wales, and England. As a political union, they are called Great Britain, but the island is just 'Britain'
57
What is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland?
It comprises of Great Britain plus the nation of N. Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is a separate country.
58
Latitude and longitude
Latitude = horizontal Longitude = vertical

Geography (2 decks)

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