EP- Energy Concepts and Systems

Question 1

Define energy

Answer 1

The ability to perform work.

Joules

Question 2

Define work

Answer 2

The ability to apply force over distance.

Joules

Question 3

Define power

Answer 3

The rate at which work is done.

Watts

Question 4

What are the three main types of energy

Answer 4

Chemical
Potential
Kinetic

Question 5

What does ATP stand for

Answer 5

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 6

What is ATP

Answer 6

The energy currency of the body. It is the only useable source of energy that the muscles can use for work

Question 7

How many seconds of exercise does ATP provide

Answer 7

2-3 Seconds

Question 8

What is the equation for ATP synthesis

Answer 8

ADP + P –> ATP (endothermic)

Question 9

Is it ATP synthesis or breakdown which is exothermic

Answer 9

The breakdown of ATP into ADP + P

Question 10

Name 4 life functions ATP provides the energy for

Answer 10

Nerve Transmission 
Circulation
Digestion
Tissue Synthesis
Muscle Action
Maintaining body temperature

Question 11

What enzyme is used to breakdown ATP

Answer 11

ATPase

Question 12

What are the three methods of ATP resynthesis

Answer 12

ATP/PC
Lactic Acid
Aerobic

Question 13

Which energy system provides enough ATP for up to 3 minutes of exercise

Answer 13

Lactic Acid

Question 14

The aerobic system supplies enough ATP for how long

Answer 14

Unlimited duration

Question 15

10 seconds of energy is supplied by the….

Answer 15

ATP/PC system

Question 16

Where do reactions take place in the ATP/PC system

Answer 16

The muscle sarcoplasm

Question 17

What is the fuel for the ATP/PC system

Answer 17

Creatine

Question 18

Which enzyme is used for the ATP/PC system

Answer 18

Creatine Kinase

Question 19

Give a sporting example of what you’d use the ATP/PC system for

Answer 19

Shot put throw

Question 20

How can you improve your ATP/PC system

Answer 20

Anaerobic training

Question 21

What benefit does anaerobic training have on the ATP/PC system

Answer 21

Increases the muscle stores of ATP/PC

Delays the lactate threshold

Question 22

Where do the lactic acid system reactions take place

Answer 22

The sarcoplasm of muscles

Question 23

What is the fuel of the lactic acid system

Answer 23

Glucose/glycogen

Question 24

What are the three enzymes involved in the lactic system

Answer 24

GP
PFK
LDH

Question 25

What does LDH do

Answer 25

Converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid

Question 26

What does GP do

Answer 26

Converts glycogen to glucose

Question 27

What does PFK do

Answer 27

Converts glucose to pyruvic acid

Question 28

What is the by-product and its effect on the body of the LA system

Answer 28

Lactic Acid | Lowers muscle pH causing pain and fatigue, due to the denaturation of the muscle enzymes

Question 29

Give a sport which predominantly uses the LA system

Answer 29

200m Sprint

Question 30

How can you improve your LA system

Answer 30

Anaerobic training

Question 31

What is the benefit of anaerobic training on the LA system

Answer 31

Increases the body's tolerance of LA Increases the body's buffering capacity Increases the rate of LA removal Delays OBLA

Question 32

Name the three stages of the aerobic system

Answer 32

Glycolysis Krebs Cycles Electron Transport Chain

Question 33

What happens in aerobic glycolysis

Answer 33

Glycogen is broken down into glucose Glucose is broken down into glucose-6-phosphate and then into pyruvic acid Pyruvic acid then combines with CoA to form Acetyl CoA

Question 34

Which enzyme breaks glycogen into glucose

Answer 34

GP

Question 35

Which enzyme breaks glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and then into pyruvic acid

Answer 35

PFK

Question 36

In the Krebs Cycle, what is the first reaction

Answer 36

Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid

Question 37

What is produced in the Krebs Cycle

Answer 37

CO2, 2 ATP, NADH

Question 38

Describe the steps of the ETC

Answer 38

Hydrogen Atoms combine with NAD and FAD to form NAADH and FADH These are split into H and e in the electron transport chain This resynthesises 34 ATP H combine with O2 to form H2O

Question 39

Define energy continuum

Answer 39

Shows how the energy systems interact to provide energy for ATP resynthesis

Question 40

Give an external factor affecting the energy continuum

Answer 40

O2 supply

Question 41

What mmol/l of lactate is the threshold level

Answer 41

4 mmol/l

Question 42

Define the energy system threshold

Answer 42

The point at which the energy systems swap to provide the energy the energy for ATP resynthesis

Question 43

What effects the energy system threshold

Answer 43

Exercise intensity and duration at that specific time e.g. A 200m sprinter will switch from the ATP/PC system to the LA system after 10sec.

Question 44

Describe the changes in energy system in a team game

Answer 44

The player will be continually switching between the three energy systems. The games player is continually resynthesising ATP/PC during periods of recovery. This allows the ATP/PC system to be repeatedly used intermittently in the game when explosive moves are required.

Question 45

Name four factors effecting energy system predominacy

Answer 45

O2 transport/supply Fuel availability Enzyme activation level Fitness level

Question 46

How does O2 Transport/Supply effect energy system dominance

Answer 46

Aerobic system will always be predominant if there is a sufficient supply of O2 available

Question 47

How does fuel availability effect energy system dominance

Answer 47

For high intensity exercises, as long as there are sufficient PC stores, it will be the ATP/PC system. Glycogen is the major fuel available, fats are then used when these are no longer avaliable

Question 48

How do fitness levels effect energy system dominance

Answer 48

Aerobic athletes use FFA’s earlier during submax exercise in order to conserve glycogen stores. An anaerobically trained athlete will increase ATP/PC and glycogen stores and anaerobic enzymes, have an improved tolerance of LA and increase both the threshold of the Atp/Pc and LA systems

Question 49

What are fats broken down into

Answer 49

Free fatty acids (FFA’s) and glycerol

Question 50

What enzyme breaks fats down

Answer 50

Lipases

Question 51

What are FFA's broken down into

Answer 51

Acetyl CoA- which combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid as part of the Krebs cycle (beta-oxidation)