EPC Practice Test #1 Flashcards by Theresa Whelan

Seth is a ninth- grade student with a significant emotional disability identifying condition on his Individualized Education Program (IEP). Seth was also diagnosed by a psychiatrist with several clinical disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD- C) and anxiety disorder. During the school day, Seth is able to control most of his behaviors, but not all.

Despite Seth’s above-average cognitive abilities, his grades are not commensurate with his abilities; however, he is passing all classes with Cs. Seth’s teachers think he would benefit if he had more self-contained special education classes. What would the psychologist tell his teachers in this situation?

A.Tell his teachers to keep data to track Seth’s progress. The data will be used during his next annual review Individualized Education Program (IEP) meeting to change his placement
B.Tell the teachers that Seth’s placement should be in the least-restrictive environment and a more contained placement may not be warranted
C.The special education team should discuss the issue with Seth’s parents and then move him into more supportive classes once parental permission is secured
D.Collaborate with the parents and ask them for their opinion in this situation

B. Tell the teachers that Seth’s placement should be in the least-restrictive environment and a more contained placement may not be warranted

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Seth’s parents are very upset that he is making mostly Cs. Even though Seth is receiving special support services, his cognitive scores suggest that he should be making very high grades. The parents are threatening to file a lawsuit if Seth is not assigned increased direct support to address his needs more thoroughly. What most likely will happen in this situation?

A.The school is providing “reasonable” education supports and does not have to supply all services. Therefore, the lawsuit will likely be unsuccessful
B.The high cost of going to court will most likely force the school district to grant the parents’ wishes
C.The parents and school district know that an Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legal document and once a child is receiving special services, he is entitled to receive all services that a special education program offers
D.As stipulated under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the parents will have to go to arbitration before a lawsuit can be filed

A. The school is providing “reasonable” education supports and does not have to supply all services. Therefore, the lawsuit will likely be unsuccessful

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A student was referred to a school psychologist due to behavioral disruptions in class. After a series of interventions, the special education team and parents agree that formal assessments should be initiated. The results from the formal cognitive assessment demonstrated that the student has a very large verbal and nonverbal difference between scores, with the nonverbal scores being significantly lower. Other streams of information support the idea that the student has a learning disability, specifically, a nonverbal learning disability.

Question
The parents have difficulty accepting the psychologist’s findings and demand to see the test protocol. The psychologist’s response should be to do which of the following?

A.Show the protocol to the parents and give them a copy of the test scores only if they request it
B.Let the parents examine the protocol, but do not let them have a copy. Refer the parents to your formal evaluation report, which details the results
C.Provide the parents with qualitative information and your reasoning when interpreting the test results. The protocol may be used in your explanation as long as test items are not revealed and the protocol is not copied
D.Reiterate for the parents that the identification of a learning disability is a team decision and multiple pieces of information were used in the determination. After your explanation, supply the parents with all the necessary test scores

C. Provide the parents with qualitative information and your reasoning when interpreting the test results. The protocol may be used in your explanation as long as test items are not revealed and the protocol is not copied

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After a lengthy explanation about the student’s evaluation, the parents in the previous example are still refuting the test results and want outside (private) testing done. Which of the following statements reflects what is most likely to happen?

A.The parents can have a private assessment done at the school district’s expense if they complete the formal appeals process
B.Parents can have a private assessment completed, but the school district is not obligated to pay for outside testing if the results are congruent with the school’s assessments
C.Private assessments are never paid for by a public school district
D.A judge can order private testing that is paid for by a school district and not consider whether the results are congruent with the school district’s findings

B. Parents can have a private assessment completed, but the school district is not obligated to pay for outside testing if the results are congruent with the school’s assessments

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Parents gave signed permission for a special education team to complete a full evaluation on their child. After the initial staffing meeting, the parents’ lawyer demands the team supplies them with copies of all test protocols.

The school psychologist should do which of the following?

A.Because a lawyer is formally requesting the documents, the psychologist should supply all the necessary copies of the requested documents so you are in compliance with the law
B.Collaborate with the parents by stating that all necessary information is in the special education evaluation report and review the Individualized Education Program (IEP) with the parents
C.Collaborate with the parents and review test information with the parents and lawyer, but the psychologist does not have to make copies at this point in the legal process
D.When legal matters initiate, the psychologist should inform the school district’s lawyers and have them speak to the parent’s lawyer before further communication with the parents continues

C. Collaborate with the parents and review test information with the parents and lawyer, but the psychologist does not have to make copies at this point in the legal process

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Which specific law or case law requires parental access to records?

A.Individuals With Disabiliies Education Act
B.Rowley v. Hudson Board of Education
C.Brown v. Board of Education
D.Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act

D.Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act

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A seventh-grade female student has a speech impediment and poor social skills. By the second month of school, the student is teased by a group of girls to the point she becomes despondent. Several other students are aware of the teasing but do nothing about the situation. One day, the student writes a detailed note to her teacher that she will kill the teasing students if they do not stop with the bullying.

Question
In this situation, the school psychologist must do which of the following?

A.Determine which students are involved in the situation and conduct a threat assessment
B.Mediate the situation and employ restorative practices with all the students involved
C.Consult with administration for the proper procedure
D.Immediately notify the administration and the parents of the children who have been threatened

D. Immediately notify the administration and the parents of the children who have been threatened

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Question
In this scenario, a school psychologist should also do which of the following?

A.Seek to prevent a similar situation by instituting a school-wide antibullying program
B.Use an indirect collaboration consultation model to inform the principal about future interventions and effective supports
C.Conduct a formal school-wide needs survey to improve school climate through tailored interventions and determine the extent of the bullying and harassment problem
D.Perform proactive interventions with identified bullies and intervene with repeat offenders

C. Conduct a formal school-wide needs survey to improve school climate through tailored interventions and determine the extent of the bullying and harassment problem

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An experiment examines the impact background music has on learning. Two groups are formed: One group studies with soft classical background music, whereas the other group studies in a quiet area.

Question
The group exposed to background music is called the:

A.Experimental group
B.Independent group
C.Control group
D.Dependent variable

A. Experimental group

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An experiment examines the impact background music has on learning. Two groups are formed: One group studies with soft classical background music, whereas the other group studies in a quiet area.

Question
The group not exposed to background music is called the:

A.Experimental group
B.Independent group
C.Control group
D.Dependent variable

C. Control group

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An experiment examines the impact background music has on learning. Two groups are formed: One group studies with soft classical background music, whereas the other group studies in a quiet area.

Question
In the experiment, the music is considered the:

A.Experimental variable
B.Manipulation variable
C.Independent variable
D.Dependent variable

C. Independent variable

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An upper elementary school student is referred to the special education team for unusual social and egocentric behavior. The school psychologist conducts an observation of the student and interviews the teacher. The inquiry reveals that the young boy has an uncanny ability to remember detailed facts about World War II military planes. Interview information finds that although the child is polite, he has abnormalities in inflection when he speaks, he has few friends, and he has expressive language problems.

Question
Based on the presenting symptoms, the psychologist decided to formally evaluate the student based on which of the following suspected disabilities?

A.Autism spectrum disorder
B.Nonverbal learning disorder
C.Social language disorder
D.Asperger’s syndrome

A. Autism spectrum disorder

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Question
In the previous scenario, the parents have given the school psychologist signed permission to directly support the student. The psychologist decides that social skills training is the best initial approach. Which of the following best reflects social skills training?

A.Self-awareness, positive reinforcement, and social praise
B.Direct instruction, modeling, and coaching
C.Metacognitive training, operant techniques, and language skills development
D.Perspective taking, response cost, and social praise

B. Direct instruction, modeling, and coaching

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A school psychologist is conducting a school-wide training on effective teaching methods for the special education staff at a large elementary school. Which one of the following would be considered a valid teaching approach and method to teaching students?

A.Implicit and direct
B.Explicit and systematic
C.Drill and practice
D.Analysis and synthesis

B. Explicit and systematic

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Question
The team feels that the student in this example needs special education services. In making the decision to offer the student special services, the team must demonstrate what critical finding?

A.The child meets the criteria for a disability as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5)
B.Testing results must show a significant deficit within the school environment
C.The child’s difficulty has a significant impact on his social development and/or academic progress
D.A developmental problem that is below the student’s age group must be based on formal and informal measures in a comprehensive evaluation

C. The child’s difficulty has a significant impact on his social development and/or academic progress

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Some research suggests that suspensions are not effective at correcting behavior and may be linked to systemic issues, such as social injustice and prejudice. Instead of disciplinary suspensions, what is an effective alternative to suspensions?

A.Restorative practices
B.Equity discipline
C.Time-out
D.Saturday school

A. Restorative practices

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Which therapeutic method or therapy works best for selective mutism?

A.Behavior therapy
B.Cognitive therapy
C.Stimulus fading
D.Flooding

C. Stimulus fading

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Which of the following statements regarding threat assessment and school violence is not true?

A.There is a general profile of a “school shooter”
B.Most perpetrators of school violence have been bullied in the past
C.Incidents of targeted school violence at school are rarely impulsive
D.Most attackers engaged in behaviors that caused concern in others in the past

A. There is a general profile of a “school shooter”

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Diane is a sophomore at a large public high school. At the beginning of the year, Diane felt bullied by Sally. The first-year principal quickly intervened and stopped the bullying. A few months later, Diane reports to the administration that Sally is once again making very aggressive and threatening comments toward her. This time the principal suspends Sally for 2 days and calls Sally’s parents. What is the most important recommendation you have for the principal?

A.Call Diane’s parents to notify them of the situation
B.Make sure both Diane and Sally have mental health support
C.Have Diane talk with the school psychologist or social worker about how to deal effectively with harassment in the future
D.Recommend that Sally and Diane engage in a restorative practice to help prevent future incidences

A. Call Diane’s parents to notify them of the situation

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Regarding suspected child abuse cases, all school employees must do which of the following?

A.Always notify the school administration of the suspected abuse
B.Report cases of suspected abuse to police or social services
C.Gather information about an abuse case and immediately contact the police or social services
D.Report abuse cases to the school social worker and collaboratively report abuse cases

B. Report cases of suspected abuse to police or social services

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A school psychologist is preparing to conduct a formal evaluation on a student for special education services. As part of the evaluation, the psychologist determines that a processing speed test is appropriate due to academic fluency concerns voiced by the teacher. When is it considered best practice to administer this type of formal cognitive assessment?

A.During the student’s typical school day and when the student is experiencing their normal routine
B.Only test a student if they have not taken any other tests that day
C.Test after you have examined authentic work samples and completed a file review
D.Research has demonstrated that the morning time frame is the most effective time for processing speed tests

A. During the student’s typical school day and when the student is experiencing their normal routine

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If a student’s misbehavior increases after the teacher takes away his recess time, this is called:

A.Spontaneous behavior
B.Response cost
C.Negative reinforcement
D.Punishment

C. Negative reinforcement

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Which of the following choices is most closely aligned with effective school-wide policies and practices that impact all students?

A.An explicit and effective means to handle student suspensions
B.High standards and rigorous curricula provided to all students
C.Effective special education programs
D.A defined threat assessment process

B. High standards and rigorous curricula provided to all students

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A school principal wants to adopt a new but controversial math curriculum. A school psychologist is called in for a consultation. What does the school psychologist tell the school’s principal about best practices in this situation?

A.There will be resistance from some parents, so a meeting should be held with concerned parents
B.Parents need a way to voice their opinions during the adoption phase
C.The school should seek consensus on this issue because parents must agree on such an important topic
D.The school needs to consult with curriculum experts so that parents can make informed decisions

B. Parents need a way to voice their opinions during the adoption phase

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A systems-wide practice or policy that is generally endorsed by the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) is which one of the following? A.Tracking B.Threat assessment training C.Zero tolerance D.Retention

B. Threat assessment training

A school district wants to spend $10,000 to update its cognitive test library. For one particular test, the technical manual states that the 6-week test–retest reliability coefficient is 0.79. The psychologist also makes a note that the new test was correlated with a well-known test to determine convergent validity. The convergent validity correlation coefficient for the two tests is 0.58. Given the details of this case, the school psychologist can tell the school district which of the following? A.The new test has acceptable reliability and validity, but the validity is on the lower side of standard convention B.The new test’s reliability coefficient supports the idea that the test measures what it is designed to measure, but the validity is unacceptable C.The correlation between the new and old test shows a moderate association and is typically not considered strong enough to recommend using the new test D.The new test can be used with confidence by the district as long as other measures are used as part of a comprehensive evaluation

C. The correlation between the new and old test shows a moderate association and is typically not considered strong enough to recommend using the new test

An optimal service delivery system is one that is aligned with the Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS). According to the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), which one of the following is not a key component of the Tier-1 level of the MTSS model? A.Clearly stated learning expectations and goals B.Explicit and direct instruction C.Providing specific corrective feedback D.The use of evidence-based interventions that align to the intensive needs of specific students

D. The use of evidence-based interventions that align to the intensive needs of specific students

A student who has a severe vision impairment is granted a formal waiver that excuses her from taking the state’s annual assessment test. The parents of this student demand that the school accommodate her so that she can take the test. According to the law, what is the school’s responsibility? A.The school must fulfill the needs of the student so she can complete the standardized state test B.The school is under no legal obligation since a waiver has been granted, but ethically the school should make the appropriate accommodations and allow the student to take the test C.The school should keep to its original plan and fully excuse the child from the test D.The school’s decision to spend resources to accommodate the student depends on whether the student has the specific accommodations written in her Individialized Education Program (IEP)

A. The school must fulfill the needs of the student so she can complete the standardized state test

The Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory of intelligence forms the basis for many current cognitive test batteries. According to this theory, which one of the following broad abilities is not part of the CHC model? A.Fluid reasoning (Gf) B.Quantitative knowledge (Gq) C.Short-term memory (Gsm) D.Simultaneous processing (Gsp)

D. Simultaneous processing (Gsp)

During a structured interview for a Canadian-born student, the psychologist notices that the interviewee is well groomed and has a quick but polite sense of humor. Care must be taken that assessment results are not tainted by what psychologic phenomenon? A.Halo effect B.Observer bias C.Cultural bias D.The Hawthorne effect

A. Halo effect

A systems-wide practice or policy that is generally endorsed by the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) is: A.Tracking B.Positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) training C.Zero tolerance D.Retention

B. Positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) training

When a preschool child imitates the aggressive behavior of an adult whom he has recently observed in a movie, this behavior is based on which psychologic construct? A.Modeling B.Latent aggression C.Observational learning D.Behavioral learning

A. Modeling

What memory technique should students utilize to remember a long series of information? A.Chunking information B.Key word note-taking using personal technology C.Immediate multiple rehearsal trials with a 15-minute delayed review D.Remembered patterns for information

A. Chunking information

The “stay-put” rule is implemented at what time? A.When due process has started B.When due process has been completed C.When a student has been suspended D.When it has been determined that a behavior was a manifestation of a child’s disability

A. When due process has started

A seventh-grade special education student is having difficulty controlling his behavior and emotional reactions in the classroom. The psychologist is asked to create a formal behavior support plan for the student. Before creating a plan, the psychologist should conduct what type of assessment? A.Functional behavioral assessment B.Social–emotional assessment C.School psychology behavior evaluation D.Executive function assessment

A. Functional behavioral assessment

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is founded on which of the following principles? A.Short-term, goal-oriented intervention focused on changing patterns of thinking and behavior B.A person’s behavior is maintained by consequences C.Behavior is embedded in a dynamic environment; to change behavior, one must consider the individual’s family, peer relations, and emotional needs D.Behavior is driven by unconscious drives to ease anxiety and to be accepted unconditionally by peers

A. Short-term, goal-oriented intervention focused on changing patterns of thinking and behavior

A school psychologist is leading a response-to-intervention (RTI) committee and reviewing various types of information. Which two primary types of data are typically collected during an RTI process? A.Formal and informal data B.Universal screening and progress monitoring C.Universal monitoring and progress screening D.Grades and state standardized testing data

B. Universal screening and progress monitoring

A school psychologist reviews a journal article that describes several studies and experiments. The psychologist is specifically asked to discern the strongest correlation coefficient from the following. Which one depicts the strongest correlation? A.0.97 B.−0.98 C.0.100 D.−0.250

B. −0.98

When should a school psychologist suggest exploring more information regarding medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to parents? A.After assessments have been completed and there are indications of ADHD traits B.School staff should never discuss medication with parents because it falls outside their scope of practice C.Only after securing a confidential release of information to speak with the student’s pediatrician about the child’s difficulties at school D.When the student’s difficulties impact their social development

A. After assessments have been completed and there are indications of ADHD traits

When a school psychologist assesses a student for special services, best practice suggests that the psychologist do which of the following? A.Use at least two valid standardized measures before identifying a disorder or disability B.Present evaluation data to your special education team before formally identifying a disorder C.Use both valid formal and informal assessments to base decisions D.Conduct at least one in-class observation of the student

C. Use both valid formal and informal assessments to base decisions

Aphasia is normally associated with what type of problem? A.A speech–language disturbance B.A visual–motor disturbance C.An inability to write D.A difficulty with quantitative problem-solving

A. A speech–language disturbance

An administrator consults with a school psychologist about creating a safe and supportive school climate. The psychologist informs the principal that there are some system-wide practices in the school that may be ineffective and related to inequity. Which one of the following concepts or practices are considered a major threat to equity and social justice? A.Suspension disciplinary practices B.Special education inclusion practices C.Indvidualized Education Program D.Disproportionality

D. Disproportionality

A parent provides a written request that her son must be tested for special education services. After consulting with the teacher, it was discovered that the student has a history of very poor grades and seems to frequently daydream in class. What is the best practice in this situation? A.Suggest to the parent that Multi-Tiered System of Suppports (MTSS) interventions be implemented and secure more key information before moving ahead with formal testing B.Immediately start the assessment process because parents who provide written requests for formal assessments have legal rights to testing under Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) law C.In a collaborative way, inform the parent that preliminary information provided by the teacher indicates attention problems and the parent should also talk with the student’s pediatrician before a school evaluation takes place D.Inform the parent that a formal evaluation will be completed by the school team, but the law gives schools 60 days to complete the assessment process

A. Suggest to the parent that Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) interventions be implemented and secure more key information before moving ahead with formal testing

Which standardized cognitive assessment is largely based on Luria’s theory and the PASS (planning, attention, simultaneous, successive) model? A.Differential Ability Scales (DAS) B.Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) C.A Developmental NEuroPSYchological Assessment (NEPSY) D.Cognitive Assessment System

D. Cognitive Assessment System

Executive function is primarily associated with which of the following? A.Cognitive planning B.Nonverbal learning C.Spatial reasoning D.Reading

A. Cognitive planning

Typically, nonverbal and novel problem-solving subtests on major cognitive assessments primarily evaluate the functioning of the: A.Right hemisphere of the brain B.Left hemisphere of the brain C.Right and left hemispheres of the brain D.Cerebrum

A. Right hemisphere of the brain

A second-grade teacher uses the removal of a desirable activity, such as music class, to shape the behavior of the special education students. The teacher does not think other interventions are practical or effective. How should the school psychologist respond? A.The welfare of the student comes first and the school psychologist has a duty to discuss the situation with the principal B.It should be explained to the teacher that the method they are using might be working, but will most likely produce short-term results if no positive reward or feedback is used for compliant behavior C.The teacher’s intervention might be working, but the psychologist should suggest to the teacher that “feedback” is provided to the students when possible D.Inform the teacher that such interventions usually foster an external motivation instead of an internal motivation in the student

B. It should be explained to the teacher that the method they are using might be working, but will most likely produce short-term results if no positive reward or feedback is used for compliant behavior

A common systems-wide and multitier intervention that is typically employed to support students who are struggling to learn at school is called: A.Positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) B.Pre-referral intervention framework C.School-wide support system (SWSS) D.Response-to-intervention (RTI)

D. Response-to-intervention (RTI)

According to educational theorists, when fostering intrinsic motivation, you should use: A.Variable reinforcement B.Tangible rewards C.Verbal praise D.Choice selection

D. Choice selection

A school psychologist is counseling a group of students who have self-esteem problems. The psychologist’s counseling approach embraces the idea that behavior is guided by one’s self-image, subjective perceptions, and the need for growth toward personal goals. This approach to counseling is based on which of the following? A.Psychodynamic theory B.Behaviorism C.Humanistic principles D.Cognitive behavioral counseling principles

C. Humanistic principles

Given a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 6 points, what can be said of a student who receives a standard score of 90 on a cognitive assessment? A.The student’s range of scores is within the average to below-average area B.The student has an average score C.The student’s score falls within the below-average range D.The student’s score is between the 84th and 96th percentiles

A. The student’s range of scores is within the average to below-average area

To identify a student with an intellectual disability (ID), which of the following assessment choices would be most useful and satisfy legal requirements? A.BASC and a WISC B.WISC and Vineland C.Vineland and ABAS D.DAS and a WISC

B. WISC and Vineland

High school students who have dysgraphia should be given what type of accommodation and/or modification on tests? A.Extra time B.Frequent breaks C.Multiple-choice tests D.An alternative version of the test

C. Multiple-choice tests

A school district is mandated to formally identify children of all ages with suspected disabilities. According to educational law, this previous statement is known as which of the following? A.Special education evaluation B.Child Find C.Inclusion D.Exclusion

B. Child Find

A teacher asks the school psychologist for direct assistance regarding a disruptive student. The psychologist agrees to observe the child and discreetly sits in the class. The psychologist carefully observes what happens before, during, and after the targeted behavior. After several observations, it was determined that the student was acting out when the student was working with a specific peer. What type of evaluation was conducted to assist the teacher? A.Functional behavioral assessment B.A time sample observation C.An antecedents and consequences evaluation D.A qualitative observation

A. Functional behavioral assessment

On most mainstream cognitive tests, the Matrices subtests are typically associated with what type of cognitive function? A.Successive processing B.Verbal reasoning C.Spatial reasoning D.Nonverbal or fluid reasoning

D. Nonverbal or fluid reasoning

The term running record is usually associated with which type of observational recording? A.Interval recording B.Narrative recording C.Event recording D.Continuous recording

B. Narrative recording

When conducting a formal behavioral observation, which of the following is important to document and analyze? A.The frequency, intensity, and duration of the target behavior B.How many times the behavior presents itself after the antecedent C.The factors and consequences that reinforce the targeted behavior D.The triggers for the behavior

A. The frequency, intensity, and duration of the target behavior

A student is referred to the school psychologist’s office for poor self-confidence and negative self-talk. During the interview, the psychologist discovers that the student believes she has always had bad luck and bad things just happen to her all the time. This student’s belief is an example of which of the following? A.Negative metacognition B.Internal locus of control C.External locus of control D.Poor self-esteem

C. External locus of control

Curriculum-based measurements (CBMs) are used for what purposes? A.A CBM measures a school’s progress toward explicit academic standards B.A CBM is an effective tool used to evaluate a teacher and student skills C.A CBM is used to find out how students are progressing in basic academic areas D.A CBM is a measurement and assessment method that can supplant standardized testing because it is considered an authentic tool

C. A CBM is used to find out how students are progressing in basic academic areas

A teacher asks the school psychologist to assist with a student who has reading difficulties. The psychologist suggests that the student explicitly describe her reasoning and predict outcomes of selected paragraphs. Most likely, these suggestions are to improve the student’s: A.Overall reading proficiency B.Decoding skills C.Comprehension skills D.Encoding skills

C. Comprehension skills

According to research, which one of the following choices encompasses several key elements of effective home–school partnerships? A.Frequent home visits and communication B.Sensitivity, trust, and respect C.Emphasizing face-to-face (live) and frequent meetings with parents D.Compassion and bilingual abilities

B. Sensitivity, trust, and respect

A student is referred to the school psychologist’s office because he consistently makes inappropriate comments and engages in disruptive behavior. What is the first approach to addressing this problem? A.Figure out what is maintaining the behavior and stop the reinforcement B.Set clear expectations for the student and write a disciplinary referral for infractions C.Perform a functional behavioral assessment (FBA) to determine the antecedent and consequence for the behavior so an intervention can be planned D.Collaborate with the teacher to write a proper behavior support plan

C. Perform a functional behavioral assessment (FBA) to determine the antecedent and consequence for the behavior so an intervention can be planned

A school psychologist is working at an inner-city elementary school with a highly diverse student population. The administration asks the school psychologist to develop a positive home–school collaboration framework. Which of the following would be a good starting point and central to developing an effective home–school collaborative framework? A.Schedule frequent parent nights where parents can have interactions with the administration B.Create a process for parent volunteer opportunities C.Understand the community values and perceptions held about family–school relationships D.Provide links to school-related social media and parental access to classrooms

C. Understand the community values and perceptions held about family–school relationships

A school psychologist just completed a multiday comprehensive assessment on a 12-year-old student initially referred for special education services. The student tested has a Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) full-scale standard score of 67 and has an Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) standard score of 73. The student wants to know about his performance and asks the psychologist to explain the results. What is best practice in this situation? A.Tell the student that test results provide information about how people learn. The details should not be disclosed to the student, even with parent permission B.Be truthful, but use developmentally appropriate language with the student when discussing test results C.First, secure permission from the parents before discussing assessment findings with the student D.Discuss the results with the parent, student, and teacher at the same time

C. First, secure permission from the parents before discussing assessment findings with the student

The ability to analyze and synthesize several pieces of information at once is related to which type of cognitive processing? A.Sequential B.Nonverbal C.Metacognitive D.Simultaneous

D. Simultaneous

Noam Chomsky is known for what psychologic idea? A.Humans have a predisposition to acquire language B.Children who have impoverished backgrounds are more likely to have behavioral and emotional difficulties C.Whole-word reading is innate D.Children acquire language skills through explicit instruction

A. Humans have a predisposition to acquire language

An assistant principal wants the school psychologist to modify the school’s suicide protocol and process to address students who draw pictures that depict death and self-harm. The psychologist adds to the formal suicide process which of the following actions when dealing with a student who has drawn very concerning pictures regarding suicide? A.Notify the parents of this situation and conduct a suicide evaluation B.Notify administration and conduct a suicide assessment C.Notify administration and the social worker to assist you with a suicide assessment D.Call the student’s parents and request that a suicide assessment be completed

A. Notify the parents of this situation and conduct a suicide evaluation

A school psychologist advocates to reduce educational disparities and disproportionality that result from discriminatory practices. In general, disproportionality refers to which of the following statements? A.Socioeconomic status (SES) B.Unfair differences based on innate abilities C.Racial privilege D.Group differences in a specific outcome or differences in individuals’ risk for an outcome due to their group membership

D. Group differences in a specific outcome or differences in individuals’ risk for an outcome due to their group membership

Which legal case is most closely aligned to least-restrictive environment (LRE)? A.Honig v. Doe B.Larry P. v. Riles C.Oberti v. Cementon D.Rowley v. Hudson Board of Education

C. Oberti v. Cementon

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children: A.Can cause learning disabilities and attention problems B.Is serious, but typically not as serious as TBI in adults because a child’s brain has more neuroplasticity than an adult’s brain C.Will, in most cases, impact the cognitive development of children D.Typically produces a cognitive profile reflected by significantly higher nonverbal than verbal performance

A. Can cause learning disabilities and attention problems

A teacher constantly sends disruptive and rowdy students to the school psychologist. By midyear, the psychologist is handling several students a week from this teacher. The psychologist meets with the teacher in private to discuss the situation. The consultation helps the teacher implement a behavioral management plan for students with difficulties. Within a few weeks, referrals have dropped significantly. What consultation model did the psychologist employ? A.A direct service model B.A consultee-centered service model C.A teacher-centered model D.The Caplan–Sousa consultation model

B. A consultee-centered service model

A 10th-grade teacher has a visually impaired student who is given an extensive assignment that requires a poster presentation. In this case, how should the teacher proceed? A.Allow other students to help the impaired student B.The teacher should set aside a special time to discuss optional accommodations for the assignment with the student C.The teacher should excuse the student from completing this particular assignment D.The teacher should assign the student a reading assignment instead of a poster presentation

B. The teacher should set aside a special time to discuss optional accommodations for the assignment with the student

Informal assessments are different from standardized assessments in which primary way? A.Standardized assessments use statistics to compare a student to a normative group, whereas authentic assessments are more qualitative in nature B.Authentic assessments are considered formal methods C.Standardized assessments are more time efficient D.Authentic assessments are more time efficient

A. Standardized assessments use statistics to compare a student to a normative group, whereas authentic assessments are more qualitative in nature

The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) is a strong proponent of providing supervision and mentoring for new school psychologists. The NASP recommends that school psychologists should directly supervise no more than how many interns at one time? A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Eight

A. Two

A parent and teacher complete an adaptive scales assessment (e.g., Vineland) on a child suspected of having a cognitive impairment. The parent’s version is significantly different from the teacher’s version. What does the psychologist do in this case? A.The results are said to be invalid and another type of assessment should be administered B.The psychologist should call the parent and teacher and ask questions regarding the assessment. Also, inquiries about the child’s functioning at home and school are warranted C.Analyze and use other assessment sources for your evaluation. Although the assessment does not have to be used in the evaluation, the psychologist can make a notation in the report as to why the assessment was not used D.Interpret both the teacher and parent assessments separately and present the objective results to the special education team for consultation

B. The psychologist should call the parent and teacher and ask questions regarding the assessment. Also, inquiries about the child’s functioning at home and school are warranted

A school psychologist works for a rural school district with a low socioeconomic status (SES) population. Budget problems and personnel shortages are persistent in the district. The principal of the school informs the psychologist not to make recommendations for parents to seek community counseling services for their children. In addition, the principal informs the psychologist that they must only conduct group counseling sessions, not individual sessions. Based on ethics and best practices, how does the school psychologist respond to this situation? A.Given the practical and budgetary concerns of the situation, the psychologist should comply with the principal’s directives B.Explain the ethical obligations to the principal, but still comply with the directives C.Notify the principal that you cannot completely comply with the directives because some situations warrant certain ethical actions that are tied to professional practices D.Consult privately with the district’s attorney and follow the guidance of the district’s lawyer

C. Notify the principal that you cannot completely comply with the directives because some situations warrant certain ethical actions that are tied to professional practices

A school psychologist is asked to consult with a teacher regarding a classroom management problem. What is generally the best approach when starting a professional consultation? A.A nonhierarchical collaborative model is a good model to use B.A student-centered model is usually most effective C.A cognitive behavioral consultation model typically produces effective results D.The ecologic collaboration model is commonly employed in initial consultation cases

A. A nonhierarchical collaborative model is a good model to use

Curriculum-based measurements (CBMs) enable a teacher to do which of the following? A.Continuously monitor progress and adjust goals as necessary B.Compare a student’s performance to the norm group to determine what is typical C.Provide evidence of teacher effectiveness D.Determine whether a curriculum is reliable and valid

A. Continuously monitor progress and adjust goals as necessary

Which law requires school districts to identify students with potential disabilities? A.Section 504 of the Civil Rights Law B.Free and Appropriate Education Act of 1975 C.Individuals With Disabilities Education Act D.The Stivers–Tremayne Special Education Act of 1975

C. Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

An important role of school psychologists is to implement antibullying programs in schools. During a schoolwide training, the school psychologist tells staff that bullying is conceptualized as a type of which of the following? A.Violence that is targeted B.Relationship aggression C.Aggression that is characterized by a consistent abuse of power D.Bantering

C. Aggression that is characterized by a consistent abuse of power

A school psychologist works in a community where many parents use illegal drugs. The psychologist is concerned about one particular elementary school that they spend 2 days a week servicing. The school psychologist has heard students talk about drugs and wanting to use drugs. What is an effective intervention in this case? A.Present an antidrug intervention program to individual classes B.Start a schoolwide antidrug campaign C.Teach teachers how to talk with students about drugs D.Gather parental, school, and community support to raise awareness and address the drug problem at school

D. Gather parental, school, and community support to raise awareness and address the drug problem at school

A school psychologist is asked to perform a social–emotional assessment on a 9-year-old student. While evaluating the student, the psychologist must remember various developmental norms. According to Erikson, children in second grade are negotiating which stage of development? A.Initiative versus guilt B.Industry versus inferiority C.Trust versus mistrust D.Autonomy versus shame/doubt

B. Industry versus inferiority

What is the National Association of School Psychologists’ (NASP’s) position regarding homeschooling? A.The NASP does not endorse the concept of homeschooling due to the lack of quality assurance and lack of licensed professionals providing instruction to students B.The NASP believes in collaboration between parents of homeschooled children and the public schools C.Due to lack of formal social programs and extracurricular opportunities, homeschooled children are most at risk of social developmental delays D.Psychoeducational assessments should be used with caution with students who are homeschooled because they typically have different learning styles and many tests are not normed on this population

B. The NASP believes in collaboration between parents of homeschooled children and the public schools

A psychologist is asked to consult with the school administration and learning specialists about effective school-wide reading programs for beginning readers. The psychologist is presented with four different types of reading programs. One program focuses on phonologic processes, one on whole-word reading, one on cognitive training, and the last program focuses on drill and practice. According to research, which reading program should the psychologist recommend? A.The program that focuses on phonologic processes B.The program that focuses on whole-word reading C.The program that focuses on cognitive training D.The program that focuses on drill and practice

A. The program that focuses on phonologic processes

In regard to professional associations related to school psychology, which of the following statements is most valid? A.The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) is the primary accreditation body for the Nationally Certified School Psychologist (NCSP) credential B.The American Psychological Association does not fully recognize master’s- or specialist’s-level school psychologists C.There are no major differences between the American Psychological Association and NASP D.The American Psychological Association typically regulates school psychologists working in clinical or research domains

A. The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) is the primary accreditation body for the Nationally Certified School Psychologist (NCSP) credential

When implementing a crisis intervention for an off-campus suicide, the second step is to do which of the following? A.Consult with administration about ongoing support for impacted students B.Lend direct support to peers/friends of the deceased student C.Perform a brief needs assessment for the school D.Plan to have a brief assembly at school to show respect for the deceased student

B. Lend direct support to peers/friends of the deceased student

According to many behaviorists, what are the major reasons and motivations for a variety of common behaviors that school psychologists address within an educational setting? A.Attention, affiliation, and control B.Boredom, opportunity, and stimulation C.Stimulation, approval, and reinforcement D.Approval, control, and stimulation

A. Attention, affiliation, and control

The Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) model is typically associated with what type of curriculum and learning? A.Cognitive-efficiency learning B.Experiential learning C.Social–emotional learning D.Emotional-behavioral learning

C. Social–emotional learning

According to mainstream researchers and experts, such as Sattler and Kaufman, the most valid and reliable score(s) on widely adopted cognitive test batteries are usually which one of the following? A.The major cluster or domain score B.The individual subtest scores C.Ipsative score D.The global or full-scale standard score

D. The global or full-scale standard score

A school psychologist is conducting a school-wide presentation to increase teacher effectiveness. The presentation focuses on the importance of “engagement.” Which one of the following is not a type of engagement? A.Cognitive B.Emotional C.Behavioral D.Social

D. Social

Jack is a second-grade student who struggled academically last year. He is not a behavioral problem and he is somewhat reticent in class. At the end of the current school year, his parents are thinking that Jack should repeat the second grade because his grades are still very low. How would a school psychologist advise Jack’s parents? A.Interventions should be tried first and their effectiveness documented. Retention is typically not an effective strategy B.Jack, his parents, and teachers should be given the Light’s Retention Scale as part of a comprehensive evaluation to help determine whether he should be retained C.Talk with Jack’s parents and teachers about placing Jack in special education D.Jack’s parents should be told that retaining students, although very difficult for the parents and child, is usually an effective means of helping students to build lagging skills

A. Interventions should be tried first and their effectiveness documented. Retention is typically not an effective strategy

What is the primary difference between achievement tests and cognitive tests? A.Cognitive tests are criterion-referenced and used to diagnose learning disabilities B.Achievement tests are generally used to predict academic progress C.Cognitive tests are typically used to provide reasons why a student is struggling D.Cognitive tests use standard scores, whereas achievement tests use grade-equivalent scores

C. Cognitive tests are typically used to provide reasons why a student is struggling

At what point in a counseling relationship do you explain the limitations of confidentiality? A.During your initial meeting B.After a rapport has been established C.When your sessions with the student are nearing completion D.When you provide parents with informed consent

A. During your initial meeting

On common cognitive test batteries, what is the generally accepted full-scale standard score that might signal a student is gifted? A.A standard score at or above 110 B.A standard score at or above 115 C.A standard score at or above 130 D.A standard score at or above 140

C. A standard score at or above 130

An upper elementary school student constantly makes poor grades despite his concerted efforts. According to Erik Erikson, if this student does not feel a sense of industry, he will develop problems involving: A.Shame B.Doubt C.Inferiority D.Role confusion

C. Inferiority

A child who was recently tested with a well-known cognitive test battery had a full-scale standard score of 85. The student’s Vineland assessment from the teacher illustrated an overall standard score of 60, but the mother’s Vineland resulted in an overall standard score of 88, and the father’s Vineland revealed a score of 79. The school psychologist determined that the discrepancy between the adaptive assessment scores is most likely due to: A.Measurement error inherent in all tests, psychometrically referred to as standard error of measurement (SEM) B.Differences in contextual factors; the child behaves differently in various settings C.The subjectivity and different perceptions of raters D.The difficulty associated with completing complex surveys

C. The subjectivity and different perceptions of raters

A school psychologist’s duties are not solely devoted to special education students. When a school psychologist is asked to counsel and/or assess the emotional status of a regular education student by a teacher or parent, it is best practice to do what first? A.Although a student may not be a danger to self or others, a school psychologist should always lend support to any student who needs help B.A psychologist should secure written permission from the parents/guardian to perform therapeutic and diagnostic services C.Although important, it is not strictly necessary to secure permission to meet with students because such services are free to all public school students and fall under free and appropriate public education guidelines D.School psychologists who have a license from their state’s department of education are considered public school employees. Therefore, a psychologist can counsel all students because it falls within the scope of their licensed duties

B. A psychologist should secure written permission from the parents/guardian to perform therapeutic and diagnostic services

A school-wide social-emotional learning (SEL) program may include the development of classroom interventions to teach various SEL skills. Which one of the following is a key SEL skill to teach students? A.Positive self-esteem B.Positive self-image C.Self-management D.Gratitude

C. Self-management

On most mainstream cognitive test batteries, what major domain evaluates a student’s ability to hold information “online” while completing a task? A.Processing speed B.Working memory C.Functional memory D.Nonverbal memory

B. Working memory

A staff member is concerned about a student who does not answer questions in class and is unusually quiet. During a meeting with both the parents and the teacher, the student’s mother states that her son is typically shy and unassertive across various environments. As the psychologist prepares to support the student, what is the most effective therapeutic intervention in this case? A.Rational-emotive therapy B.Person-centered (Rogerian) therapy C.Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that uses modeling and rehearsal D.Behavior therapy that rewards assertive behaviors

C. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that uses modeling and rehearsal

Jane is a second-grade student who struggles with reading. It happens that Jane’s teacher lives next door to a reading specialist in the same school district. Jane’s teacher asked her neighbor to look at Jane’s standardized reading test to offer some advice. What law has Jane’s teacher violated? A.The Federal Confidentiality Act of 1975 B.No law was violated because the consultation was relevant for a reading specialist C.Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) law provision for right to privacy D.Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

D. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

Which brain structure is usually associated with emotions? A.Parietal lobe B.Broca’s area C.Prefrontal cortex D.Amygdala

D. Amygdala

During a formal assessment, you ask a child to say a word and then the child must manipulate the word’s sounds. What are you assessing when you ask a student to perform this task? A.You are testing for word discrimination B.You are assessing whole-word associations C.You are evaluating phonemic awareness D.You are evaluating the student’s verbal working memory

C. You are evaluating phonemic awareness

The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) provides a specific list of effective school and system-wide practices that are aligned with the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). Which of the following is not one of the NASP-endorsed best school practices? A.Coordinated use of data that informs instruction, student, and school outcomes B.Comprehensive, rigorous curricula provided to all students C.Suspension and zero-tolerance practices D.Integration of mental and behavioral health services into learning supports

C. Suspension and zero-tolerance practices

On a cognitive assessment, a student has a 10-point difference between the verbal domain (standard score [SS] = 87) and nonverbal domain (SS = 97). The full-scale SS is 93. How would the school psychologist interpret the student’s assessment if the child had a suspected reading problem noted by his teacher? A.The split between scores is statistically significant, but not necessarily clinically significant. Analysis of other data sources is important B.It can be safely stated that the child has a learning disability C.The full-scale score is invalid and cannot be used due to the large subtest variability D.It is considered best practice to administer a different cognitive test due to the difficulty of interpreting scores with such variations

A. The split between scores is statistically significant, but not necessarily clinically significant. Analysis of other data sources is important

A teacher resides in the community where he teaches. One evening, he sees one of his students at a store. The student has visible marks on his face and arms. The father of this child is known to be strict. In this situation, the teacher should do which of the following? A.Although not legally obligated to notify the authorities, the teacher should call social services and make a report of suspected abuse B.The teacher needs to contact the school social worker immediately and collaborate to file a child abuse report C.The teacher should ask the student about the marks and then make an informed judgment whether to call social services D.As a mandated reporter, the teacher has a duty to notify social services or law enforcement about the marks

D. As a mandated reporter, the teacher has a duty to notify social services or law enforcement about the marks

A high school student is in the office requesting to see the school psychologist. The student is visibly upset because of a serious fight he had with his girlfriend the past night and the psychologist is worried that the student is not thinking rationally. The psychologist does not have permission to counsel him. What is the “best practice” in this situation? A.Psychologists are not allowed to counsel a new student without parent permission B.It is acceptable to perform a brief intervention in an emergency or crisis situation without permission C.Refer the student to his counselor at school D.Have the student wait in a supervised room until his parents can be contacted

B. It is acceptable to perform a brief intervention in an emergency or crisis situation without permission

Planned learning communities (PLCs) are helpful in developing staff skills. PLCs typically require staff members to meet at consistent dedicated times to review, analyze, and discuss data. PLCs are driven by three primary questions. Which one of the following is not one of those driving questions? A.How will we know when each student has learned what we want them to learn? B.What do we want each student to learn? C.How will we respond when a student experiences difficulty in learning? D.How will data be collected and presented?

D. How will data be collected and presented?

An administrator asks the school psychologist to review the effectiveness of the school’s behavior intervention and correction protocols. The first action taken is to perform a needs assessment. When the psychologist presents the findings of the needs assessment to the staff, it is important to discuss which one of the following topics? A.Ways that parents can have a voice in the development of a new behavior management model B.Cultural sensitivities and potential biases of staff C.Common barriers to effective behavior intervention practices D.The current school district’s behavior policy and legal requirements

C. Common barriers to effective behavior intervention practices

A school psychologist has found out that another psychologist has violated an ethical rule. What should the concerned psychologist do first? A.Attempt to talk to the person directly and address the situation informally B.Immediately report the situation to school officials because you have an ethical obligation to do so. Failure to report a known violation implicates you in the situation C.Notify the school psychologist that if they do not report the violation, you will have to report it D.Not all ethical violations are legal violations. Legally, you do not have to take any action

A. Attempt to talk to the person directly and address the situation informally

A school psychologist is undertaking an emotional assessment on a student. When interviewing the parent for more background information on the situation, the mother mentions that her daughter has no friends and she appears withdrawn, sad, and anxious. Given the mother’s observations, what is the most appropriate tool to initially use in the assessment? A.The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) B.The Vineland C.The Clinical Scales of Depression in Children-II D.The Beck Depression Inventory

A. The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC)

When using standardized assessments with students from diverse cultural backgrounds, it is important to remember which of the following? A.Some children have delayed development and therefore most formal tests are not reliable for children younger than 6 years of age B.Recognize that cultural bias on standardized tests can mask true abilities of students with diverse cultural backgrounds. Interpret the test results with caution C.Minority populations are overrepresented in special education classrooms D.Mainstream formal assessments should not be used with minority groups due to psychometric norming difficulties

B. Recognize that cultural bias on standardized tests can mask true abilities of students with diverse cultural backgrounds. Interpret the test results with caution

A school psychologist has administered a mainstream cognitive test battery to evaluate a student’s cognitive functioning. The student’s overall (general) standard score is 61. How does the psychologist interpret this score? A.The student’s performance is considered average given the range of scores is 1 to 100 B.The student’s score is roughly 2 standard deviations below the mean C.The student most likely has a significant learning disability D.The student’s performance falls within the intellectual disability (ID) range of standardized scores

D. The student’s performance falls within the intellectual disability (ID) range of standardized scores

Tier 2 of the Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) model is typically associated and described by which one of the following? A.Intensive services for individuals or small groups; services may include individualized instruction, intensive therapy, and wraparound services B.Targeted supports for students identified as needing some additional services, such as small-group counseling, tutoring, and behavioral skills training C.Targeted and intensive support for a larger group of students who need special education services D.Individualized supports tailored to students’ needs that typically start with functional behavioral assessment (FBA)

B. Targeted supports for students identified as needing some additional services, such as small-group counseling, tutoring, and behavioral skills training

A new school psychologist is assigned to an inner-city public school. The department leader gives the psychologist a new cognitive assessment to administer for which they have no formal training. The parents of the student have hired an educational advocate. The advocate is formally requesting that the new test be administered because it uses the latest norms and it is culturally sensitive. The new test is highly regarded and it would be effective in this case. What should the school psychologist do in this situation? A.Ethically, the school psychologist cannot administer the test and the psychologist should use a more familiar test B.The psychologist can practice with the test first, and then administer it with supervision C.The school psychologist must refer the case to another colleague who has more experience with the test D.The psychologist should ask a colleague to give the test, but be present during the administration

B. The psychologist can practice with the test first, and then administer it with supervision

One of the most effective intervention(s) for children with learning disabilities is which one of the following? A.Cognitive and behavioral B.Multifaceted or multimodal C.Experiential (hands-on) learning methods D.Neuropsychologic interventions

B. Multifaceted or multimodal

It is best practice to have an established systems-wide Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) to support all students in a school. Which one of the following is not typically associated with an effective MTSS program? A.Response-to-intervention (RTI) process B.Positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) C.School-based mental health services D.After-school programs for students

D. After-school programs for students

Projective tests (e.g., Rorschach, Draw-a-Person) are usually used for: A.Building rapport with a student B.Gathering supplementary information about a student C.Determining whether a student is prone to malingering and deception D.These tests are rarely used by school psychologists due to poor psychometrics (e.g., reliability)

B. Gathering supplementary information about a student

Which cognitive assessment (when combined with other measures) is best suited for deaf students or students who do not speak English? A.The Differential Ability Scales (DAS)–Nonverbal B.The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) with an interpreter C.The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test D.The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale

C. The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test

Parental complaints regarding Section 504 should be directed to which authority? A.The Department of Education B.The school district’s administration office C.The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) D.The state’s board of education

C. The Office for Civil Rights (OCR)

A student is asked to dial a phone number while hearing the number for the first time. This is an example of what type of cognitive function? A.Short-term memory B.Working memory C.Encoding D.Transient memory

B. Working memory

Which is considered primary in crisis intervention? A.Leadership B.Community support C.Measured response D.Prevention

D. Prevention

An administrator asks the school psychologist to analyze school-wide disaggregated data that may contribute to inequities. When examining the root causes of injustice and disparities, which one of the following should the psychologist carefully consider? A.Systemic racism B.Administrative bias C.Gender privilege D.The Halo effect

A. Systemic racism

An educator teaches a student to employ a problem-solving method that reduces the number of options or alternatives to be considered. What type of problem-solving technique is this called? A.Deduction B.Successive processing C.Logical reasoning D.A heuristic

D. A heuristic

EPC Practice Test #1 Flashcards

(125 cards)