epi Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
It is a statistical technique that can show whether and how strongly pairs of variables are related
A
Correlation
2
Q
It is a relation in terms of characteristics
A
Correlation
3
Q
It is needed to obtain a measure of relatedness
A
Correlation coefficient
4
Q
Correlation coefficient ranges from or between from
A
-1 and one
5
Q
If the score is high on X and y the result is
A
Positive
6
Q
If the scores on X is high and scores on y is low the result is
A
Negative
7
Q
Spread in a random manner, result is
A
Zero
8
Q
All points lie on a straight line, the redult is
A
Perfect
9
Q
It is an influence of one to another
A
Regression
10
Q
It is the relationship of characteristics
A
Correlation
11
Q
It is expressed on a line and x and y cannot be interchanged
A
Regression
12
Q
It is not expressed on the line and x and y can be interchange
A
Correlation
13
Q
This is a cause and affect
A
Regression
14
Q
It is a relationship without change on one another
A
Correlation
15
Q
It has one independent variable
A
Simple linear
16
Q
It has multiple independent variables
A
Multiple linear
17
Q
It is answerable by yes or no answers
A
Logistics
18
Q
What are the three major uses for regression
A
Determining the strength of predictors, forecasting an effect, and forecasting trends
19
Q
This is the portion of the total variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable
A
Coefficients of the termination
20
Q
It measures of how well a statistical model predicts an outcome
A
coefficient of determination
21
Q
This is also a regressand, outcome variable, Criterion variable, endogenous variable
A
Dependent variable
22
Q
This is also called regressor, predictor variable, exogenous variable
A
Independent variable
23
Q
It is a measurement of the value of Y if a new X value is fit into the equation
A
Regression
24
Q
Symbol of estimated dependent variable score
A
y
25
Symbol of constant
c
26
Symbol of regression coefficient
b
27
Symbol of score on the independent variable
x
28
It determines the cost and effect relationship of two variables taken from a bivariate distribution
Regression
29
t or f: Wilcoxson does not compare stew sets of data from the same sample group taken at different times
False
30
t or f: paired test Compares two sets of data from the same sample group taken at different times
true
31
t or f: Paired focuses on median
false, it focuses on mean
32
t or f: Wilcoxson does not assume normality
true
33
t or f: Wilcoxson focuses on median
true
34
It is a test that do not require a distribution
Non-parametric test
35
It is a test that assumes abnormal distribution
Non-parametric test
36
t or f: One reason to use Wilcoxson is population size is too small
true
37
This is in non-parametric test equivalent of the period T test that does not assume anything about the underlying distribution
Wilcoxson signed rank test
38
Wilcoxson generally uses
Nominal, ordinal, and or continuous scale
39
This test used as an alternative not a substitute
Non-parametric test
40
t or f: One feature of Wilcoxson is when individuals are subjected to one condition
false, subjected to more than 1
41
t or f: One features of Wilcoxson is the investigation of changes in scores from one point of time to another
true
42
t or f: One reason to use Wilcoxson is population size is too large
false, it should be too small
43
Distribute one of the differences between the matched pair should be
Symmetrical
44
this Variables should consist or two Categorical,matched pairs or related groups.
Independent variables
45
This variable should be measured at the ordinal or continuous level
Dependent variable
46
It is a single sample mean versus a specified constant value
One sample
47
It is it to sample means from the same group taken at different times
paired sample t-test
48
It is a test of two sample means from two different groups
Independent sample t-test
49
A.k.a. correlated pairs/dependent sample t-test
paired sample t-test
50
It is a test that null hypothesis is that there is no difference
paired t test
51
A.k.a. uncorrelated/unrelated/unpaired Ttest
Independent sample t-test
52
It is the test used to compare means from two different groups
Independent sample t-test
53
test thaf Cannot compare sample means between two or more groups
One sample t-test
54
It is a test used to compare the means of two groups or two sets of data
T-test
55
a test thaf determine significant differences between means in between sets of data
T test
56
Three types of T test
One sample t-test, paired Sample t-test, and independent sample t-test
57
It is an excellent indicator of outliers as it is influenced by outliers
Standard deviation
58
It is useful when comparing the spread of two separate data sets that have approximately the same mean
Standard deviation
59
It is the most frequent value
Mode
60
It is versatile and can be applied to any type of data and is not affected by extreme values
Mode
61
A.k.a. the sample median or middle value
Median
62
A.k.a. the average
Mean
63
Mean is symbolized by an
X bar
64
It is the sum of all the observations divided by the number of observation
Arithmetic mean
65
The main limitation of mean is
Oversensitive to extreme values
66
It is the probability that a null hypothesis will be rejected when it is needed.
Power
67
It is the ability to correctly discern and reject null-hypotheses
Power
68
It is the ideal power percentage
80 to 90%
69
It is a type of error occurs when the non-parameter is not the true parameter but it is not rejected
Type 2 error or false negative
70
It is a type of error occurs when the novel or a meter is the true parameter but they statistics provide evidence against it in short rejected
Type one error or false positive
71
It is the cut off of the P value
0.05 or 5%
72
P value that are considered small enough to reject the null hypothesis
Less than 0.05
73
avalue that is used to be insured that the null parameter is not the true parameter
0.01 or 0.001
74
P value for observational or Exploratory research
Less than 0.10
75
It helps decide whether the null hypothesis is rejected
P value
76
The smaller the P value the more likely you are to
Reject the null hypothesis
77
null parameter is the true parameter
null hypothesis
78
Hypothesis testing that the true parameter is not the null parameter
Alternative hypothesis
79
It is a hypothesis testing that has an relationship between observe variables
Alternative hypothesis
80
It is a hypothesis testing that has no significant relationship between observe variables
null hypothesis
81
This hypothesis testing is proposed to be negated or disprove
null hypothesis
82
This hypothesis testing proposes relationships or effects or claim
Alternative hypothesis
83
t or f: the null parameter cannot be rejected as the true parameter when the observe statistics are far enough away from the center
false, it can be rejected
84
t or f: Alternative hypothesis is when the null parameter is the true parameter
false, null hypothesis
85
It is a range of values where are true value is included in
Confidence intervals
86
Value that represents the population
True value
87
What are the common confidence levels
90%, 95%, and 99%
88
Standard error of 90%
1.645
89
Standard error of 95%
1.96
90
Standard error of 99%
2. 58
91
It is a singular value that represents work the set of observations tend to cluster
Measure of central tendency
92
Value provide precise and objectively determined value that can be easily
Manipulated, interpreted, compared with one another
93
Numerical summaries that describe the population
Parameters
94
Numerical values that describe the sample
Statistics
95
These values that are desired but cannot be directly obtained as it is not feasible
Parameters
96
If the sample is a representative of the population, then the numerical summaries from the sample are good approximations of the population
Statistics
97
It is the spread from the minimum to the maximum values
Range
98
It is the dispersion of average values from mean
Standard deviation
99
It is the ratio of standard deviation to mean
coefficient of variation
100
Value of efficient variation
5%
101
These are the measurements of value dispersion
Standard deviation, range, coefficients of variation
102
These are the measurements of central tendencies
Mean, median and mode
103
It is the description of how varied the responses are
The spread
104
It is the description of average response
Center of distribution
105
It uses for extreme values
Median
106
The subject either belongs to a category or not
Counts
107
It is the total number of subjects present in to said category or level is account
Count
108
It does not interchange measurement methods
Continuous
109
It uses median=range
Continuous
110
This spread depends on the measurement of center
Continuous
111
It is a categorical variable whose order matters
Ordinal
112
It is a categorical variables whose order does not matter
Nominal
113
It is a categorical variable that can be answered yes or no or two leveled variables
Dichotomous
114
It kind of study design that highlight on the time point of collection
Cross-sectional study
115
a kind of study design that uses surveys for responses at a particular point in time
Cross-sectional study
116
It is a kind of study design that present and a the same time: outcome and variables
Cross-sectional study
117
A study design that use of case subjects and control subjects
Case control study
118
A study design that use difference Tatian of factors leading to classification
Case control study
119
Hey study design that uses identification of an outcome
Retrospective study
120
A study design that review of pre existing data
Retrospective study
121
It is the study design of means of counter checking
Retrospective study
122
It is the study design that used for uncommon outcomes
Retrospective study
123
It is study design for medical research
Cohort study
124
Cohort study uses the link between
Risk factors and health outcomes
125
Study design that subjects are identified and followed for a period
Prospective study
126
Study design which variables are measured and how they are measured, are decided by the investigator
prospective study
127
It is how information or data will be collected
Study design
128
It is a type of random sampling that use of order or selecting subject by assign numbers
Systematic random sampling
129
A type of random sampling that can have potential existence of bias
Systematic random Sampling
130
A type of random Sampling that use of strata and division of a large group into subgroups
Stratified random sampling
131
It’s type of random something sampling that use equal chances for selection
Simple random sampling
132
This type of random sampling may only be applicable for smaller population
Simple random
133
Solution for biased sample
Random sampling and use of sampling frame
134
The sample is unreliable and does not have the characteristic representation of the population
Biased sample
135
It may be a product of convenience of the sample
Biased sample
136
It is more a specific subject
Sample
137
It is a general that covers all possible subjects of interest
Population
138
Public health subjects can be
Human beings and materials that are either directly or indirectly correlated to humans
139
Two types of diseases
Infectious and chronic diseases
140
It is the core of epidemiology and buy a statics
Public health
