epidemiology

Question 1

epidemiologic triad

Answer 1

host, agent, enviroment

Question 2

epidemic curves

Answer 2

plot frequency distribution of new cases over time
can tell us:
* type of temporal pattern (endemic, sporatic, epidemic)
* incubation period
* state of epidemic

Question 3

direct contact transmission

Answer 3

sexual, vertical, bloodborne, xenograft (transplant)

Question 4

types of transmission

Answer 4

• direct contact
• respiratory
• fecal oral
• food/waterborne
• vectorborne
• other environmental sources

Question 5

how to measure magnitude of problem?

Answer 5

count:
* how many are sick right now? (prevalence)
* what is the rate of occurence of new cases? (incidence)

Question 6

prevalence

Answer 6

how many animals are sick at a given time
number current cases/ population at risk
prevalence = incidence x duration

Question 7

incidence

Answer 7

rate of occurence of new cases
number new cases/ pop at risk
over a specific time interval

Question 8

primary prevention

Answer 8

prevents development of disease in healthy animal

Question 9

secondary prevention

Answer 9

identify animal with diseases at a point early enough to prevent symptoms

Question 10

tertiary prevention

Answer 10

prevention of complications in animals who have disease

Question 11

outbreak

Answer 11

occurence of disease in an area at a level exceeding the normally expected number of cases

Question 12

attributable fraction

Answer 12

attributable risk/ incidence in high risk group

Question 13

attributable fraction

Answer 13

attributable risk/ incidence in high risk group

Question 14

Attributable risk

Answer 14

how many extra cases per 100 due to risk factor
prevalence with risk factor - prevalence without risk factor