epidemiology

Question 1

preventive and social medicine
scientific discipline
study disease in the community to acquire knowledge for the health care of the society

Answer 1

epidemiology

Question 2

first epidemiologist

Answer 2

hippocrates

Question 3

founder of demography

Answer 3

john graunt

Question 4

founder of medical statistics and modern surveillance

Answer 4

william farr

Question 5

core epidemiological functions

Answer 5

1. public health surveillance
2. field investigations
3. analytic studies
4. evaluation
5. linkages
6. policy development

Question 6

development of disease over time
absence of treatment and intervention
starts from exposure until outcome occurs

Answer 6

natural history and spectrum of disease

Question 7

persons who are infectious
subclinical disease

Answer 7

carriers

Question 8

time of disease initiation

Answer 8

induction

Question 9

time of symptoms

Answer 9

incubation

Question 10

time of detection - non communnicable
infectiousness - communicable

Answer 10

latency

Question 11

disease that occurs infrequently or irregulary

Answer 11

sporadic

Question 12

constant presence or usual prevalence of disease within an area

Answer 12

endemic

Question 13

persistent high levels of disease occurrence

Answer 13

hyperendemic

Question 14

sudden increase in number of cases of disease in the population

Answer 14

epidemic

Question 15

same as epidemic but within for limited area

Answer 15

outbreak

Question 16

epidemic that spread over several countries or continents

Answer 16

pandemic

Question 17

quantify how useful a test is for a given disease or condition

Answer 17

measures of diagnostic efficiency

Question 18

individuals with the disease who test positively

Answer 18

diagnostic sensitivity

Question 19

individuals without disease who test negatively

Answer 19

diagnostic specificity

Question 20

probability that subject with positive result truly has the disease

Answer 20

positive predictive value (PPV)

Question 21

doesn’t have the disease will be tested negative

Answer 21

negative predictive value (NPV)

Question 22

sensitivity

Answer 22

TP/TP+FN

Question 23

specificity

Answer 23

TN/TN+FP

Question 24

PPV

Answer 24

TP/TP+FP

Question 25

NPV

Answer 25

TN/FN+TN

Question 26

information for action ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data monitor pulse of the community

Answer 26

public health surveillance

Question 27

requires coordinated efforts of dozens of people often lead to identification of additional unreported or unrecognized ill persons

Answer 27

field investigation