Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Environmental Engineering > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

Increase in the frequency of occurrence of a disease in a population above its baseline, or expected level, in a given time period

A

Epidemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epidemics can be classified according to their manner of spread through a population

A

Common-source, propagated, mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A group of persons is all exposed to an infectious agent or a toxin from the same source

A

Common-source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Results from transmission from one person to another

A

Propagated epidemics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Have features of both common-source epidemics and propagated epidemics

A

Mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and application of this study to the control of health problems

A

Epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epidemiology is

A

data-driven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epidemiology draws on

A

methods from other scientific fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epidemiology relies on

A

a systematic and unbiased approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Epidemiology is often described as

A

the basic science of public health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epidemiology relies on

A

careful observation and use of valid comparison groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epidemiology involves

A

applying the knowledge gained by the studies to community-based practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of diseases

A

Infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases, physiological diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Caused by living organisms like viruses and bacteria

A

Infectious diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of infectious diseases

A
  1. SARS
  2. Influenza
  3. Hand, foot, and mouth disease
  4. Dengue
  5. Hepatitis A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Commonly spread by direct contact with respiratory secretions and body fluids of a person

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Commonly spread by inhaling respiratory droplets containing the flu virus

A

Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Commonly spread by contact with an infected
person’s nasal or throat discharges or stools

A

Hand, foot, and mouth disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Commonly spread by bites from an infected mosquito

A

Dengue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Commonly spread by consuming contaminated food, such as raw or partially cooked shellfish

A

Hepatitis A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Caused by the lack of essential nutrients or dietary elements such as vitamins and minerals in the human body

A

Deficiency diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Types of deficiency diseases

A

Vitamin deficiency diseases, mineral deficiency diseases

23
Q

Vitamin A (retinol) deficiency

A

Night blindness

24
Q

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

A

Beri-beri

25
Q

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

A

Retarded growth, bad skin

26
Q

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency

A

Anemia

27
Q

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency

A

Scurvy

28
Q

Vitamin D (calciferol) deficiency

A

Rickets

29
Q

Vitamin K (phylloquinone) deficiency

A

Excessive bleeding due to injury

30
Q

Calcium deficiency

A

Brittle bones, excessive bleeding

31
Q

Phosphorous deficiency

A

Bad teeth and bones

32
Q

Iron deficiency

A

Anemia

33
Q

Iodine deficiency

A

Goitre, enlarged thyroid gland

34
Q

Copper deficiency

A

Low appetite, retarded growth

35
Q

Described as something that “runs in
the family”

A

Hereditary diseases

36
Q

Caused by genetic mutations

A

Hereditary diseases

37
Q

Caused by mutations in
one of the genes that encode the
hemoglobin protein

A

Sickle cell disease

38
Q

Caused by a gene mutation that affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices

A

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

39
Q

A fatal genetic disorder that results in
progressive destruction of the nervous
system

A

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD)

40
Q

Most common among males, that is characterized by a deficiency in blood clotting leading to abnormal bleeding

A

Hemophilia

41
Q

Symptoms usually begin in midlife and include uncontrolled movements, emotional disturbances, and, eventually, dementia

A

Huntington’s disease

42
Q

Abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle

A

Muscular dystrophy

43
Q

A condition in which the organs in the body malfunction causes illness

A

Physiological diseases

44
Q

Inability to produce sufficient insulin, or inability to use insulin properly

A

Diabetes

45
Q

Abnormal cells multiply in an uncontrolled way and cause tumors

A

Cancer

46
Q

High blood pressure

A

Hypertension

47
Q

A whole range of conditions including defects in heart muscles or valves and problems with heart rhythm

A

Heart disease

48
Q

Occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse

A

Direct contact

49
Q

Refers to the transfer of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects (vehicles), or animate intermediaries (vectors)

A

Indirect transmission

50
Q

Refers to spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking

A

Droplet spread

51
Q

Refers to infections caused by animals and insects

A

Vector

52
Q

How to prevent infectious diseases?

A
  1. Immunize against infectious diseases
  2. Wash and dry your hand regularly
  3. Stay at home if you are sick
  4. Cleaning regularly
  5. Prepare food safely
  6. Practice safe sex
53
Q

The process of giving a vaccine to a person to protect them against disease

A

Immunization

54
Q

Why a balanced diet is crucial in preventing deficiency diseases?

A

For a person’s overall health, a balanced diet is highly crucial. This concentrates on supplying all the nutrients the body needs. In addition to micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals, it includes macronutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, and fat. Any dietary imbalance may lead to excess or inadequate intake of certain nutrients. A deficiency disease can result from inadequate intake of a specific nutrient.

Environmental Engineering (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions