Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Environmental Engineering > Physical and Chemical Water Treatment Methods, Disinfection > Flashcards

Physical and Chemical Water Treatment Methods, Disinfection Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Characteristics of water

A

Physical, Chemical and Biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physical characteristics of water

A

Temperature, color, taste, odor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chemical characteristics of water

A

Acidity, salinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biological characteristics of water

A

Bacteria, protozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Water Quality Standards

A

Turbidity, Acidity, Total Dissolved Salts, Color, Disinfectant Residual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Measure of haziness or clarity of a liquid

A

Turbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Turbidity Philippine Standard

A

5.0 NTU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NTU

A

Nephelometric Turbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Measure of dissolved solids per volume of liquid

A

Total Dissolved Salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Total Dissolved Salts Philippine Standard

A

500 mg/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indication of relative purity of a liquid

A

Color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Color Philippine Standard

A

10 CU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CU

A

Color Unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Measure of residue from disinfection of a liquid

A

Disinfectant Residual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Disinfectant Residual Philippine Standard

A

0.3 mg/L - 1.5 mg/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Purpose of industrial water treatment

A

Eliminate unwanted impurities from water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of water treatment

A

Physical Water Treatment, Chemical Water Treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Typically consists of filtration techniques involving screens, sand filtration, or
filtration membranes

A

Physical Water Treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Types of Physical Water Treatment

A

Greensand Filtration, Multimedia Filtration, Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, Reverse Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An effective filtration medium for the removal of dissolved iron, hydrogen sulphide, and manganese from water

A

Greensand Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mineral commonly referred to as
green sand and is used in greensand filtration

A

Glauconite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Uses at least three different layers of filtration media, typically anthracite, sand and garnet, to filter water

A

Multimedia Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Suspended solids, including clay, algae, silt, rust,
and other organic matter are removed

A

Multimedia Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This filtration method can remove particles from 10 to 25 microns in size

A

Multimedia Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Uses a barrier membrane to filter very small suspended solids from water
Microfiltration
26
Capable of removing contaminants ranging from 0.1 to 10 microns in size
Microfiltration
27
Ideal for removing suspended solids, algae and protozoans
Micro Filtration
28
Sometimes used as a pretreatment method upstream of reverse osmosis
Ultra Filtration
29
Uses pressure to separate solids from water
Ultra Filtration
30
Capable of removing suspended solids, bacteria and certain viruses ranging from 0.005 to 0.01 micron in size
Ultrafiltration
31
Sometimes referred to as the “softening membrane"
Nano Filtration
32
Features even smaller pores than that of Ultra Filtration
Nano Filtration
33
Capable of removing particles like bacteria, viruses and divalent and multivalent ions (e.g. calcium, magnesium), ranging from 0.005 to 0.001 micron in size
Nano Filtration
34
Most common physical water treatment method
Reverse Osmosis
35
Uses applied pressure to force water through a semipermeable membrane
Reverse Osmosis
36
Removes impurities such as dissolved ions (e.g., sodium), bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants ranging from 0.005 to 0.0001 micron in size
Reverse Osmosis
37
Treatment of wastewater by process involving chemical treatment
Chemical Water Treatment
38
Types of Chemical Water Treatment
Neutralization, Flocculants and Coagulants, Oxidation, Ion Exchange, Ozonation, Disinfection
39
Adjusts the pH value of water to meet the requirements of processing units in the wastewater treatment system
Neutralization
40
Used to treat acid wastewaters containing metals
Neutralization
41
Destabilizes the forces keeping colloids apart
Coagulants
42
Gather the destabilized particles together and cause them to agglomerate and drop out of the solution
Flocculants
43
Used in effluent water treatment processes for solids removal, water clarification, lime softening, sludge thickening, and solids dewatering
Flocculants and Coagulants
44
Reduces the biochemical oxygen demand of wastewater, and may reduce the toxicity of some impurities
Oxidation
45
Widely used for disinfection
Chemical Oxidation
46
Occurs between a resin/zeolite and a liquid, where less desired compounds are swapped for more desired ones through the addition of ions
Ion Exchange
47
Commonly used for water softening and demineralization, removing dissolved ionic contaminants from water
Ion Exchange
48
Ozone (O3) is added in and degrades both metal and biological contaminants in water, which are removed post-filtration.
Ozonation
49
Added in and degrades both metal and biological contaminants in water, which are removed post-filtration
Ozone (O3)
50
Used to eliminate a wide variety of inorganic, organic, and microbiological problems as well as taste and odor problems
Ozonation
51
Process where a chemical disinfectant is added into the water for the purpose of removal or killing of pathogenic microorganisms
Disinfection
52
Used to substantially reduce the number of microorganisms in water for use in drinking, bathing, etc.
Disinfection
53
Refers to the process of removing many or all harmful germs from inanimate items, excluding bacterial spores
Disinfection
54
Greenish-yellow gas mostly used as a water disinfectant
Chlorine Gas
55
Advantages of Chlorine Gas
1. Chlorination is a cheaper source than UV or ozone for disinfecting water 2. Very effective against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms 3. Dosage rates are controlled easily
56
Limitations of Chlorine Gas
1. Imparts bad tastes and odors unto the water. 2. May create byproduct chloro-organics and trihalomethane (THMs), which are health concerning. 3. Volatile.
57
Liquid used as a bleaching agent, mostly to bleach papers or textile, and as a disinfectant in solution
Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)
58
Solution generally contains 10-15% of the available chlorine
Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)
59
Advantages of Chlorination (Sodium Hypochlorite)
1. Sodium hypochlorite can also be used as a disinfectant. 2. As compared to chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite disinfection reduces the hazards in storing and handling. 3. No hazardous chemicals are used in onsite generation. Only softened water and high-grade salt (NaCl) is used.
60
Limitations of Chlorination (Sodium Hypochlorite)
1. The production of liquid Sodium Hypochlorite (NaCl) through electrolysis creates hydrogen as a byproduct, which requires ventilation due to its explosive nature.
61
A solid that can be used in replacement of liquid NaOCl
Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca[OCl]2)
62
Advantages of Chlorination (Calcium Hypochlorite)
1. Being solid, Ca(OCl)2 is safer to handle than chlorine gas and NaOCl. 2. Has excellent stability when stored in a dry place, maintaining its potency well over time.
63
Limitations of Chlorination (Calcium Hypochlorite)
1. Contamination or improper use of Ca(OCl)2 may lead to explosion, fire, or the release of toxic gases. 2. If procedures are incorrectly followed, it will react violently with water to produce toxic gases, heat, and spatter. 3. Requires dry, cool, well-ventilated area for storage.
64
Formed by reacting ammonia with free chlorine
Chloramines
65
Play an important role in providing residual protection in the distribution system
Chloramines
66
Advantages of Chloramines
1. Chloramine is more stable but not a strong disinfectant as chlorine, providing long lasting residual disinfectant. 2. No by-products are formed in chloramination.
67
Limitations of Chloramines
1. More complicated to regulate than chlorine levels. 2. Can cause increased corrosion of pipes or nitrification in the distribution system.
68
Causes disinfection by changing the biological components of microorganisms specifically breaking the chemical bonds in DNA
Ultraviolet Light
69
Advantages of Ultraviolet Light
1. It limits the regrowth potential within the distribution system so no increase in the concentration of biodegradable or assimilable organic carbon occurs. 2. No by-products are formed.
70
Limitations of Ultraviolet Light
1. High energy requirement 2. Effectiveness of UV treatment may vary depending on the characteristics of the wastewater.

Environmental Engineering (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions