Epidemiology Flashcards
(44 cards)
Research
scientific method by which data is collected to describe, explain, and/or predict events
Evidence-based practie
conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence to guide HC decisions
epidemiology
study of distribution, freq, determinants of health and disease in human pops to understand causation
- guides health practices
Who of epid
Population
What of epid
determinants of health
- what makes susceptible
Where of epid
distribution of disease
When of epid
Frequency of disease
Why of epid
Disease causation; comes from asking other W questions
How of epid
Application of Ws
- to prevent and control probs
Subdivisions of epid
infx, genetics, mol, injury, occup, chronic disease, enviro, bx, social
How are Healthy 2030 objectives measured?
With epid
Focus of epid
ID fx and char that cause, predict, or are assoc with dev of a health condx
surveillance method of data collection
ongoing, sys collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related date
Descriptive epid
describes the Ws
- ex: COVID cases
Analytic epid
Examine relx btwn Ws to determine Why
agent
fx that cause disease incl chemical, infx, physical
- consider ability of agent to cause illness
- infectivity, pathogenocity, virulence, toxigenicity
Host
living specifies that can be infected/affected by host
- host may/may not dev disease–consider exposure, sus, response, genetics, age, sec, immune exp, bx, preexist cond
extrinsic environment
all ext to agent/host and is infl existence of the agent, exp or sus to agent
- consider bio, phys, human pop, SES, flora
Epid triangle
- disease occurs when agent is present in sus host under enviro conditions favourable to disease dec
- chx in one component can infx where a disease occurs
What does the epid triangle NOT work well for
chronic or mental ill bc focus is too narrow
Web of causation
- chronic disease model
- many fx involve r/t Ws
- focus on links to break the connect by identifying them
Web of causation
Factors that influence the web of causation
- CAD, air poll, unsafe, lack access, poverty
Routinely collected data source
- Vital stats
- US census
- Ntl center for health stats
Epid data
Collected for specific epid sources
- Sci studies
- pop screen
- surveillance
