Models and theories

Question 1

theory

Answer 1

org/sys to explain how things are related–help guide info?
- explain complex ideas/concepts r/t illness, health, impact on outcome

Question 2

Theories are used to…

Answer 2

• organize info
• provide direction
• replicate on larger scale and across more settings

Question 3

Microscopic theory target group

Answer 3

focus on ind and ind fam

Question 4

mesoscopic theory target group

Answer 4

small comm like institution, school, workplace

Question 5

macroscopic theory target group

Answer 5

focus on broader, comm, subpop and pop
- social, econ, enviro level

Question 6

individual focss theory

Answer 6

• explains health bx and infl bx
• guide strats to help achieve ind health
• based on value expectancy
• does not address social, pol, comm, struc or enviro fx

Question 7

Value expectancy

Answer 7

expectancy is belief they can chx, value is importance of chx; if either is low, motivation is low

Question 8

Examples of microscopic theories

Answer 8

health belief model
transtheoretical model

Question 9

Health belief model

Answer 9

ind perceptions and modifying fx determine likelihood of action and future bx

Question 10

Which factors make up individual perceptions?

Answer 10

Perceived susceptibility (to illness) and perceived severity (how bad a condx is/would be to have)

Question 11

Which factors make up likelihood of action?

Answer 11

Perceived benefits and barriers

Question 12

Modifying fx in HBM

Answer 12

self-efficacy, cues to action, psychosocial, demographics

Question 13

Cues to action

Answer 13

strats to prepare and make one ready for action

Question 14

transtheoretical model stages

Answer 14

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action, maintenance

Question 15

Can you exit and enter at any stage of the theoretical change model?

Answer 15

YES

Question 16

Examples of macroscopic theories

Answer 16

Empowerment theory
Theory of Change

Question 17

Empowerment theory

Answer 17

focus on achieving goals by using comm strength and resources to change systems
- focus on positives
- recognize need for structure/societal changes
- examine social structure and gender disparity, racism, ethnocentrism, edu, health literacy, class disparities

Question 18

Theory of change

Answer 18

explains how interventions can lead to specific changes

Question 19

Theory of change steps

Answer 19

1. Impact
2. Outcomes
3. Output
4. Activities
5. Inputs

Question 20

Impact stage of theory of change

Answer 20

systemic chx you expect long term (years)
- can define outcomes
(ex: Ecuadorian women have more mobility and health)

Question 21

Outcomes in theory of change

Answer 21

intended and unintended changes that your stakeholders are experiencing or might see with intervention (ex: dec violence, HC access)

Question 22

Output stage of theory of change

Answer 22

immediate results of activities or products (ex: dev a business)

Question 23

Activities stage of theory of change

Answer 23

answer “what activities need to take place for an ouput to occurr” (ex: sex health edu)

Question 24

Input stage of theory of change

Answer 24

resources or investments needed to ensure the activities take place (ex: loan, edu)

Question 25

Socioecological model

Answer 25

- used to better understand human bx - researchers use to assess when ind levels/bx aren't changing - interventions that take place on multiple levels are more effective

Question 26

Which model works on the micro and macro level?

Answer 26

Socioecological models

Question 27

Aspects of individual level of socioecological model and interventions

Answer 27

age, income, edu, sub use, hx abuse - life skills training, safety/health relx workshop

Question 28

Aspects of relationship level of socioecological and interventions

Answer 28

peers, partner, fam - parenting class, peer support groups

Question 29

Aspects of community level of socioecological model and interventions

Answer 29

school, neighborhood, workplace - instability, poverty, segregation

Question 30

Aspects of societal level of socioecological model and interventions

Answer 30

cultural norms, policy and law, social inequalities - promote social norms against violence, edu and employment opportunity

Question 31

diffusion of innovation theory

Answer 31

idea of product gains momentum and diffuses (is adopted) thru specific pop or social sys with time - must perceive idea, bx, product as new and innovative

Question 32

Adoption

Answer 32

person/pop does something different that what they had before

Question 33

Limits of the diffusion of innovation theory

Answer 33

- does not foster comm engagement/participation - more about categorization

Question 34

benefits of the diffusion of innovation theory

Answer 34

- used to accel adoption of public health bx - better for adopting new bx than stopping old bx - best when targets a specific pop

Question 35

Classifications of populations for diffusion innovation theory

Answer 35

innovator, early adopter, early majority, late majority, laggards

Question 36

Precontemplation stage

Answer 36

not engaging in change bx and no interest in doing so

Question 37

Contemplation stage

Answer 37

Committed to changing within 6 months

Question 38

Preparation stage

Answer 38

seriously considering a change and has taken some steps toward the objective

Question 39

Action stage

Answer 39

performing the change for less than 6 months

Question 40

Maintenance stage

Answer 40

Performing the action for over 6 months