Epigenetics

Question 0

during epigenetics, there is ____ ________ in DNA seq

Answer 0

no change

Question 1

study of heritable traits that are also reversible

• cell to cell (mitosis)
• parent to offspring (meiosis)

Answer 1

epigenetics

Question 2

many epigenetic traits not passed ______ to _______

Answer 2

parent to offspring

Question 3

molecular basis of epigenetic inheritance

Answer 3

DNA methylation of cytosine
chromatin remodeling
covalent histone modifications
histone variants
feedback loops

Question 4

how are genes targeted for epigenetic modification?
____________ _______ and _________ ______
-recruit proteins (histone modification, histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase, and DNA methyltransferase)

Answer 4

transcription factors and noncoding RNA

Question 5

related to cis/trans factors and elements

• ___ ________ ______(affects 1 gene and 1 copy of gene)
• _______ _______ ___(affects several genes or several copies of a gene)

Answer 5

cis epigen mech

trans epigen mech

Question 6

Epigenetic triggers:

• __________ ________: genomic imprinting, x chromosome inactivation, cell determination
• ___________: temp, diet(bees), toxins (cigarettes)

Answer 6

programmed development

enviromental

Question 7

igf2 gene encodes critical protein for growth in mice

Answer 7

epigenetics and imprinting (methylation)

Question 8

father determines expression of _____ in offspring

Answer 8

igf2

Question 9

mechanism of ifg2 expression:
ICR=
DMR=
H19=
CTC=

Answer 9

imprinting control region
differentially methylated region
gene associated with cancer
binding factor-igf2 repressor

Question 10

stem cells—>

Answer 10

muscle cells

Question 11

atleast two protein complexes involved in Epigenetics and cell determination: _________-gene activation and __________-gene repression
-exert effects by trimethylating __________

Answer 11

TrxG, trithorax group
PcG, polycomb group

histones

Question 12

results in different polypeptide products from same gne

-splicing factors=

Answer 12

alternate splicing of pre-mRNA

-alpha-tropomyosin pre-mRNA

Question 13

enables mRNA and polypeptide variants and prominence varies by __________

Answer 13

alternative splicing

species

Question 14

modulate the spliceosome

-repression (______ skipping)

Answer 14

repressors affect alternative splicing of exons

Question 15

modulate the spliceosome

-enhancement

Answer 15

enhancers affect alternative splicing of exons

Question 16

another regulatory mechanism
inhibits proliferation of viruses with double stranded RNA genome
regulation of jumping genes (transposable elements)

Answer 16

importance of RNAi (interference)

Question 17

• can promote or inhibit translocation of several genes simultaneously
• initiation facts required for ribosomal subunits to interact with RNA

Answer 17

phosophorylation of initiation factors

Question 18

• mRNA encoding Ferratin and Transferrin influenced by iron regulatory protein (IRP)
• IRP binds to iron response element (IRE) in both mRNAs

Answer 18

initiation factors and RNA binding proteins regulate iron uptake