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POM| Molecular Biology of The Cell > Epithelial Cells > Flashcards

Epithelial Cells Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is extracellular matrix (ECM)?

A

material deposited by cells which forms the “insoluble” part of the extracellular environment

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2
Q

What is ECM generally composed of?

A

Fibrillar proteins (collagens, elastin) embedded in a hydrated gel (proteoglycans or ground substance)

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3
Q

What are some examples of poorly and highly organised ECM?

A

Poorly organised - Loose connective tissue
Highly organised - Tendon, bone, basal lamina

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4
Q

What are the 5 main cell types?

A

Connective
Contractile
Haematopoietic
Neural
Epithelial

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5
Q

Connective tissue examples

A

Chondrocytes (cartilage)
Osteocytes (bone)
Fibroblasts (many tissues)

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6
Q

Contractile tissue examples

A

Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth muscles

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7
Q

Haematopoietic cell examples

A

blood cells
tissue-resident immune cells
bone marrow cells

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8
Q

Neural cell examples

A

Neurones and Glial cells

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9
Q

What is carcinoma?

A

Epithelial cell cancer

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10
Q

What is sarcoma?

A

Mesenchymal (connective and muscle) cancers

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11
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

Haematopoietic cancer (bone marrow cells)

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12
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

Haematopoietic cancer (lymphocytes)

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13
Q

What is neuroblastoma?

A

Neural cell cancer (neurones)

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14
Q

What is glioma?

A

Neural cell cancer (glial cells)

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15
Q

What is epithelial cell cancer called?

A

carcinoma

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16
Q

What are cancers of mesenchymal tissue called?

A

Sarcoma

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of haematopoietic cancers?

A

Leukaemia and Lymphoma

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of neural cancers?

A

Neuroblastoma and Glioma

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19
Q

Functions of Epithelial cells

A

transport, absorption, secretion, protection

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20
Q

How are epithelial cells classified?

A

According to their shape and layering

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21
Q

What type of epithelium is flattened, plate shaped?

A

Squamous

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22
Q

Name the epithelium (shape+layering)

A

Simple squamous

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23
Q

What type of epithelium is arranged in columns?

A

Columnar

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24
Q

Name the epithelium (shape+layering)

A

Simple columnar

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25
What type of epithelium is cube-like?
Cuboidal
26
Simple cuboidal
27
What is the term given for multi-layered epithelium?
Stratified epithelium
28
What type of epithelium is found in lung alveoli?
Simple squamous
29
What type of epithelium is found in mesothelium (lining major body cavities)?
Simple squamous
30
What type of epithelium is found in endothelium lining blood vessels?
Simple squamous
31
What type of epithelium is this?
Simple squamous
32
What type of epithelium is found in ducts such as kidney collecting ducts?
Simple cuboidal
33
What type of epithelium is this?
Simple cuboidal
34
What type of epithelium is found in surfaces involved in absorption and secretion (e.g. enterocytes lining the gut)?
Simple columnar
35
What type of epithelium is this?
Simple columnar
36
What are the 2 sub-types of Stratified Squamous epithelium?
Keratinizing - dead cells due to kerating production, thicker, e.g. skin Non-keratinizing - nuclei and organelles in-tact
37
What type of epithelium is found in mouth?
Stratified squamous epithelium
38
What type of epithelium is found in oesophagus?
Stratified squamous epithelium
39
What type of epithelium is found in anus?
Stratified squamous epithelium
40
What type of epithelium is found in cervix and vagina?
Stratified squamous epithelium
41
What type of epithelium is this?
Stratified squamous
42
Is this epithelium keratinizing or not?
43
Is this epithelium keratinizing or not?
44
What is pseudo-stratified epithelium?
Multi-layered like appearance but each cell is in contact with the basal lamina
45
Identify epithelium
Pseudo-stratified (columnar) epithelium
46
What type of epithelium is found in airways (trachea and bronchi)?
Pseudo-stratified columnar
47
What type of epithelium is found in various ducts in urinary and reproductive tracts?
Pseudo-stratified columnar
48
Identify apical and basolateral domains and junctions
49
Is this epithelium polarised?
Unpolarised, as ions move both in and out from both domains
50
Is this epithelium polarised?
Polarised, as ions move towards one direction from each domain
51
Which one is polarised?
One on the right is polarised
52
Why are the mitochondria in transport epithelia concentrated in the basal aspect of cells?
Provide ATP for active transport on the basal membrane
53
Identify the enterocytes and goblet cells within the villi epithelium
54
Identify the enterocytes and goblet cells within the villi epithelium
55
What is the brush-border in the gut lumen?
Formed by microvilli, rich in active transporters and channels for nutrient uptake
56
What are the 2 types of secretion?
Exocrine - into a duct or lumen Endocrine - into the bloodstream
57
Is this a exocrine or endocrine secretory cell?
Exocrine as secretion is from the apical membrane
58
Is this a exocrine or endocrine secretory cell?
Endocrine as secretion is from the basal membrane into blood
59
What is the term used for dead epithelial cells being replaced by proliferation of stem cells?
Epithelial turn-over
60
Which cells replace the cells lost from the tips of intestinal villi?
Cells in intestinal crypts
60
Why do some chemotherapies cause gastrointestinal disturbances?
They inhibit cell proliferation which results in loss of the finger-like intestinal villi and flattening of the intestinal mucosa
61
What happens when there is too much epithelial cell proliferation in colon?
Increased number of cells lead to a tumour growth, in colon, called adenoma (polyp)
62
Why are the basal cells in epider not keratinized?
They are dividing cells and while migrating, they undergo a programme of differentiation that eventually leads to them flattening out and keratinising
63
What is the result of hyperproliferation of epidermal epithelial cells?
Formation of a thick hard layer on the skin
64
What can cause hyperproliferation other than pressure and abrasion?
Infectious agents, such as HPV, hijack the cellular machinery of stratified squamous epithelia and inducing increased cell proliferation

POM| Molecular Biology of The Cell (10 decks)

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