Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

What junctions are in Terminal bars?

Answer 1

Tight junction, zonula adherens, desmosomes

Question 2

What junctions are in intercalated disks?

Answer 2

Zonula adherens (modified), desmosomes, gap junctions

Question 3

What are the 2 functions of basal cell membrane infoldings?

Answer 3

Increase surface area and intense transport of molecules across the basal cell membrane

Question 4

How are mitochondria oriented in basal cell membrane infoldings?

Answer 4

Vertically

Question 5

What is the only form of extracellular substance in the epithelial tissue?

Answer 5

Basal lamina

Question 6

What are the proteins in basal lamina?

Answer 6

Laminin, collagen IV, entactin

Question 7

What is the proteoglycan that can be found in basal lamina?

Answer 7

Perlecan

Question 8

What is the basement membrane composed of?

Answer 8

Basal lamina and reticular layer produced by CT

Question 9

What makes a gland exocrine?

Answer 9

Secretion through ducts

Question 10

What makes a gland endocrine?

Answer 10

Secretion directly to the bloodstream

Question 11

What makes a gland simple?

Answer 11

A single, unbranched duct

Question 12

What makes a gland compound?

Answer 12

Multiple branched ducts

Question 13

What is an eccrine mode of secretion?

Answer 13

Secretion by exocytosis

Question 14

What is an apocrine mode of secretion?

Answer 14

Secretion of lipid droplets by pinching off of a part of a cell from the apical surface

Question 15

What is a holocrine mode of secretion?

Answer 15

Cells accumulate the secretory material, die and break down and liberate the material

Question 16

What forms of epithelial tissues are there?

Answer 16

Linings and glands

Question 17

Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?

Answer 17

Avascular

Question 18

What are the functions of epithelium?

Answer 18

Protection, absorption, secretion, transport control, sensation

Question 19

What is the main function of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 19

Transport control

Question 20

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Answer 20

Vessels, peritoneum and pleura, pulmonary alveoli, Bowman’s capsule

Question 21

What are the main functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 21

Resorption and secretion

Question 22

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Answer 22

Renal tubes, glands and ducts, lens epithelium, ovary-covering epithelium

Question 23

What are the main functions of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 23

Resorption, secretion, protection, transport control

Question 24

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

Answer 24

Alimentary tract, bile ducts, female genital tract, larger excretory ducts of glands

Question 25

What are the main functions of pseudostratified epithelium?

Answer 25

Protection, secretion, sensation

Question 26

Where is pseudostratified epithelium found?

Answer 26

Respiratory tract, epididymal duct, taste buds

Question 27

What is the main function of stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 27

Protection

Question 28

Where is KERATINIZED stratified squamous epithelium found?

Answer 28

Epidermis

Question 29

Where is NONKERATINIZED stratified squamous epithelium found?

Answer 29

Oral cavity, throat, esophagus, anus, vagina, cornea

Question 30

What is the main function of transitional (stratified) epithelium?

Answer 30

Protection

Question 31

Where is transitional (stratified) epithelium found?

Answer 31

Urinary tract

Question 32

How do cells regenerate in simple epithelia?

Answer 32

Through apoptosis and replacement by newly differentiated cells

Question 33

How do cells regenerate in stratified epithelia?

Answer 33

Cells continuously migrate from basal to superficial layer, and old cells detach from the superficial layer

Question 34

What filaments are in microvilli?

Answer 34

Actin filaments

Question 35

What is the function of microvilli?

Answer 35

Increase in apical membrane surface area

Question 36

How is active bending of cilia generated?

Answer 36

By movement of dynein arms

Question 37

What is responsible for passive backstroke of cilium?

Answer 37

Elastic nexin

Question 38

What are the main function of cilia?

Answer 38

Movement and transport

Question 39

What do nonmotile cilia act as?

Answer 39

Mechanosensors

Question 40

What filaments are in stereocilia?

Answer 40

Actin filaments

Question 41

What transmembrane proteins are present in tight junctions?

Answer 41

Claudins, occludins, nectin, JAMs

Question 42

What are the functions of zonula occludens?

Answer 42

Prevention of uncontrolled passage of substances and maintaining polarisation of epithelial cells

Question 43

What do adhesion belts connect?

Answer 43

Cell membranes and cytoskeletons of adjacent cells

Question 44

What linker proteins are in zonula adherens?

Answer 44

Cadherins

Question 45

What filaments are in adhesion belts?

Answer 45

Actin filaments

Question 46

What linker proteins are in desmosomes?

Answer 46

Desmogleins

Question 47

What filaments are in desmosomes?

Answer 47

Intermediate filaments

Question 48

What junctions are NOT cell-cell but cell-extracellular matrix?

Answer 48

Focal contacts and hemidesmosomes

Question 49

What linker proteins are in focal contacts?

Answer 49

Integrins

Question 50

What filaments are in focal contacts?

Answer 50

Actin filaments

Question 51

What linker proteins are in hemidesmosomes?

Answer 51

Integrins

Question 52

What filaments are in hemidesmosomes?

Answer 52

Intermediate filaments

Question 53

What linker protein complexes are in gap junctions?

Answer 53

Connexons

Question 54

What filaments are in gap junctions?

Answer 54

None. No cytoskeleton involvement. Hehe

Question 55

What is the function of gap junctions?

Answer 55

Propagation of stimuli between adjacent cells and direct exchange of metabolites and signalling molecules (passage of small molecules from the cytoplasm of one cell to the adjacent one)

Question 56

What type of junctions is calcium ion concentration crucial for?

Answer 56

Gap junctions