Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

Organization of Life smallest to largest:

Answer 1

atoms - Molecules -Macromolecules-Organelles-Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ Systems- Organism

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

group of similar cells and cell products, that work together to perform a specific structural or physiological function

Question 3

4 types of tissue:

Answer 3

Epithelium
Connective
nervous
muscle

Question 4

Epithelium

Answer 4

covers surfaces internal and external

Question 5

Connective

Answer 5

connects, most abundant tissue of our bodies

Question 6

Nervous

Answer 6

CNS and PNS→ communication

Question 7

Muscle ( 3 types)

Answer 7

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 8

Skeletal muscle

Answer 8

voluntary and striated

Question 9

Cardiac muscle

Answer 9

Involuntary and striated

Question 10

Smooth muscle

Answer 10

involuntary and non-striated

Question 11

Epithelium

Answer 11

covers surfaces internal and external

Question 12

Major functions of Epithelium

Answer 12

Protection—skin and mucus membranes
Absorption—small intestine (nutrients)
Filtration—kidneys→ renal corpuscle—glomerulus (wastes and excess substances)
Secretion—glands (hormones and enzymes)
Sensory reception

Question 13

Characteristics of Epithelium

Answer 13

Fit closely together and form tight junctions
Apical (top) surface which is free
Attached to a basement membrane (basal lamina & reticular lamina)
Avascular but have good regeneration, depend on underlying connective tissue

Question 14

Simple

Answer 14

1 layer of cells

Question 15

stratified

Answer 15

more than 1 layer of cells

Question 16

psuedostratified

Answer 16

falsely stratified

Question 17

Squamous

Answer 17

flat or disc like

Question 18

Cuboidal

Answer 18

square or cube like (big round nucleus)

Question 19

Columnar

Answer 19

tall or column-like (oblong nucleus)

Question 20

Transitional

Answer 20

changes (cuboidal-like→ squamous-like)

Question 21

Cilia

Answer 21

movement of material
(mucus)

Question 22

Microvilli

Answer 22

increases surface area

Question 23

Goblet cells

Answer 23

secretes mucus

Question 24

Epithelial Membranes

Answer 24

Mucosal Membranes (lines digestive-respiratory-reproductive-urinary tracts)
Serous Membranes (visceral and parietal layer; pleura-pericardium-peritoneal)
Cutaneous Membranes (skin)
Synovial Membranes (synovial joints)

Question 25

Endothelium

Answer 25

lines blood vessels and heart

Question 26

Mesothelium

Answer 26

found in serous membranes

Question 27

Endocrine glands

Answer 27

secrete hormones into the blood stream

Question 28

Exocrine glands

Answer 28

secrete products through ducts onto a surface or into a lumen

Question 29

Functional classes of exocrine glands

Answer 29

Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine

Question 30

Merocrine

Answer 30

(most; exocytosis- salivary glands-pancreas)

Question 31

Apocrine

Answer 31

(top part of cell pinches off; mammary gland cells-breast milk)

Question 32

Holocrine

Answer 32

(entire cell ruptures-sebaceous gland of skin)

Question 33

Germ Layers:

Answer 33

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm.

Question 34

Ectoderm

Answer 34

skin and nervous tissue

Question 35

Mesoderm

Answer 35

muscle, bone and cartilage

Question 36

Endoderm

Answer 36

respiratory tract, digestive tract and bladder

Question 37

Tight Junctions

Answer 37

seal off passageways (stomach—intestines—bladder

Question 38

Gap Junctions

Answer 38

electrical junctions allow the rapid movement of ions (cardiac muscle)

Question 39

What is the difference between the Parenchyma and the Stroma of a tissue?

Answer 39

Parenchyma: Essential, functional part of a tissue or organ Composed of metabolically active cells Performs specific functions such as photosynthesis or secretion Loosely packed with thin cell walls Dispersed throughout the tissue or organ Stroma: Supportive framework or connective tissue Provides structural support to parenchymal cells Maintains overall tissue or organ architecture Consists of specialized cells and extracellular matrix Surrounds and supports parenchymal cells

Question 40

Function and location of cells

Answer 40

simple Squamous Function—diffusion and filtration Location—glomerulus, alveoli and lines blood vessels and heart Simple Cuboidal Function—secretion and absorption Location—kidney tubule, glands and ovary surface Simple Columnar (without microvilli—stomach) Simple Columnar with microvilli Function—absorption and secretion Location—small and large intestine Simple Columnar with cilia Function—propels mucus or cells Location—fallopian tubes Stratified Squamous Stratified Squamous Keratinized Function—protection Location—epidermis Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Function—protection Location—mouth, anal canal and vaginal canal Stratified Cuboidal Function—protection and limited secretion Location—large ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands Pseudostratified Columnar with cilia Function—secretion of substances (mucus) and propulsion of substances (mucus) Location—trachea Transitional Epithelium Function—stretches and distends Location—urinary bladder and ureters