epithelial tissue

Question 1

what are the 4 types of body tissues

Answer 1

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 2

what fills the spaces between cells

Answer 2

intercellular matrix

Question 3

what is the function of connective tissue

Answer 3

supports and binds other tissues (bone, blood, lymph)

Question 4

what is the function of epithelial tissue

Answer 4

provides a covering i.e skin, linings of the various passages inside the body

Question 5

what is the function of muscle tissue

Answer 5

includes striated muscles that move the skeleton, and smooth muscles such as the muscles that surround the stomach

Question 6

what is the function of nerve tissue

Answer 6

made of nerve cells and used to carry messages around the body

Question 7

where can you find epithelial tissue

Answer 7

covering all body surfaces, lining body cavities and hollow organs and are the main tissue in glands

Question 8

how are epithelial cells arranged

Answer 8

tightly packed with little intercellular matrix

Question 9

what are epithelial cells connected to?

Answer 9

connective tissue via a non-cellular basement membrane

Question 10

what is the basement membrane

Answer 10

thin, pliable sheet-like type of extracellular matrix which provides cell and tissue support. also acts as a platform for complex signaling. it sits between epithelial tissues such as mesothelium and endothelium and the underlying connective tissue

Question 11

what are the three factors which classify epithelial cells

Answer 11

shape, stratification, specialisation

Question 12

list the 4 shapes of epithelial cells

Answer 12

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional

Question 13

list the three types of stratification

Answer 13

simple, stratified, pseudostratified with cilia

Question 14

describe the squamous shape

Answer 14

flat with an irregular flattened shape

Question 15

describe the cuboidal shape

Answer 15

a cube shape, nuclei are in the centre

Question 16

describe the columnar shape

Answer 16

taller than they are wide, nucleus closer to the base

Question 17

describe the transitional cells

Answer 17

cells that line organs that can stretch such as the bladder and uterus

Question 18

explain the simple stratification

Answer 18

single layer of cells

Question 19

explain the stratified stratification

Answer 19

more than one layer of cells, can withstand a lot of stress, only one layer touches the basement membrane

Question 20

explain the pseudostratified with cilia stratification

Answer 20

only a single layer of cells but the position of the nuclei gives the impression that it is stratified

Question 21

where are simple cuboidal epithelium found

Answer 21

glandular tissue and in the kidney tubules

Question 22

where are simple columnar epithelium found

Answer 22

stomach and intestines

Question 23

where are pseudostratified columnar epithelium found

Answer 23

lining the respiratory tract and some of the tubes in the male reproductive tract

Question 24

give three types of specialisations of epithelium

Answer 24

glandular, keratinised, cilated

Question 25

describe glandular epithelium

Answer 25

specialised to secrete and produce substances- two types, exocrine and endocrine

Question 26

what is an exocrine gland

Answer 26

a gland that discharges its secretion onto the surface of the epithelium

Question 27

what are the three types of exocrine gland?

Answer 27

merocrine gland, apocrine gland and holocine gland

Question 28

what is a merocrine gland

Answer 28

a gland that secretes substances by the plasma membrane resulting in the release of the secretion and loss of cell membrane, i.e sweat glands, salivary glands

Question 29

what is an apocrine gland

Answer 29

a gland that secretes a shedded portion of their cytoplasm i.e mammary glands

Question 30

what is a holocrine gland

Answer 30

glands that secrete by shedding entire cells from the lining of a duct, i.e sebaceous glands

Question 31

what is an endocrine gland?

Answer 31

releases secretions i.e hormones into surrounding tissues which then diffuse into the bloodstream for distribution to other regions of the body

Question 32

what are keratinised cells

Answer 32

contain keratin, found mostly in the skin bu also found in the mouth and nose providing a tough, impermeable barrier. they are flat and dead cells, with no nucleus or organelles

Question 33

what are ciliated cells

Answer 33

have apical plasma membrane extensions composed of micro-tubules capable of beating rhythmically to move mucus or substances through a duct. these are common in the respiratory tract and lining of the oviduct