EPITHELIUM Flashcards by ALLYSA MARIE SABILLO

Q

CELL FORMS OF SIMPLE LAYER

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

CELL FORMS OF STRATIFIED

A

Squamous Keratinized, Squamous Nonkeratinized, Cuboidal, Transitional, Columnar

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Functions as facilitate the movement of
the viscera (mesothelium),
active transport by pinocytosis (mesothelium and endothelium), secretion of biologically active molecules (mesothelium)Main Function of Simple Squamous

A

Simple Squamous

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Functions as Covering, Secretion

A

Simple Cuboidal

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Functions as Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion

A

Simple Columnar

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Functions as Protection; prevents water loss

A

Stratified Squamous Keratinized

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Functions as Protection, secretion; prevents water loss

A

Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Functions as Protection, secretion

A

Stratified Cuboidal

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Functions as Protection, distensibility

A

Transitional

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Functions as a protection

A

Stratified Columnar

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Functions as Protection, secretion; cilia-
Lamina-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus out of the air passages

A

Pseudostratified

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Identify what Epithelial Tissue:

Lining of vessels (endothelium); Serous lining of cavities: pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)

A

Simple Squamous

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Identify what Epithelial Tissue:

Covering the ovary, thyroid

A

Simple Cuboidal

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Identify what Epithelial Tissue:

Lining of intestine, gallbladder

A

Simple Columnar

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Identify what Epithelial Tissue:

Epidermis

A

Stratified Squamous Keratinized

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Identify what Epithelial Tissue:

Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

A

Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Identify what Epithelial Tissue:

Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles

A

Stratified Cuboidal

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Identify what Epithelial Tissue:

Bladder, ureters, renal calyces

A

Transitional

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Identify what Epithelial Tissue:

Conjunctiva

A

Columnar

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Identify what Epithelial Tissue:

Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

A

Pseudostratified

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

This epithelial tissue lines much of the urinary tract, extending from the kidneys to the proximal part of the urethra, and is characterized by a superficial layer of large, dome-like cells sometimes called umbrella cells

A

transitional or urothelium

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

4 basic tissue types

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, and ner- vous tissues.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What type of tissue is the Lining of surface or body cavities; glandular secretion

A

Epithelial

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What type of tissue Supports and protects tissues/organs

A

Connective

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

The connective tissue that underlies the epithelia lining the organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems is called the

lamina propria.

The area of con- tact between the two tissues may be increased by small evaginations called

papillae

The region of the cell contacting the ECM and connective tissue is called the ________ and the opposite end, usually facing a space, is the __________.

basal pole ; apical pole

Near the epithelial cells is a thin, electron-dense, sheet-like layer of fine fibrils

Basal lamina

beneath basal lamina layer is a more diffuse and fibrous lamina called

reticular lamina

An extracellular membrane that always lies at the interface of epithelial cells and connective tissue.

basement membrane

These are large glycoproteins that attach to transmembrane integrin proteins in the basal cell mem- brane and project through the mesh formed by the type IV collagen.

Laminin

form a seal between adjacent cells.

tight or occluding junctions

are sites of strong cell adhesion.

adherent or anchoring junctions

channels for communication between adjacent cells.

Gap junctions

Cell adhesion is mediated by

cadherins

increase the cells’ surface area, facilitating absorption.

Stereocilia

best seen on the absorptive epithelial cells lining the male reproductive system

stereocilia

much longer and less motile than microvilli, and may show branching distally.

stereocilia

These are are long, highly motile apical structures, larger than microvilli, and containing internal arrays of microtubules not microfilaments

cilia

This is the most common method of protein or glycoprotein secretion and involves typical exocytosis from membrane-bound vesicles or secretory granules.

Merocrine secretion

These cells accumulate product continuously as they enlarge and undergo terminal dif- ferentiation, culminating in complete cell disruption that releases the product and cell debris into the gland’s lumen.

Holocrine secretion

This product accumulates at the cells’ apical ends, portions of which are then extruded to release the product together with small amounts of cytoplasm and cell membrane.

Apocrine secretion

Three basic mechanisms for releasing the product are commonly used by cells specialized for secretion

merocrine, holocrine, apocrine

Epithelia are often specialized for absorption or ________, pinocytosis of material at the apical side and exocytosis at the baso- lateral side (or vice versa).

transcytosis

2 parts of basement membrane

basal lamina and reticular lamina

In the apical structure, there's a small membrane projection with cores of actin filaments that generally function to increase epithelial cells’ apical surface area for absorption.

Microvili

A type of junction composed of transmembrane integrins attach cells to proteins of the basal lamina.

Hemidesmosomes

A type of junction in points of cell contact where both plasma membranes have numerous hexameric complexes of transmembrane connexons, each forming a channel allowing passage of small molecules from one cell to the other.

Gap junctions

A long microvilli with specialized mechanosensory function in cells of the inner ear and for absorption in tissues of the male reproductive tract.

Stereocilia

The major function in many epithelial cells is synthesis and secre- tion of specialized products; organs composed primarily of such epithelia are called

glands

These glands have epithelial ducts carrying secretions to spe- cific sites; the ducts of simple glands are unbranched and those of compound glands are branched.

Exocrine glands

These glands lack ducts; secreted substances are hormones carried throughout the body by the interstitial fluid and blood, with specificity produced by the hormone receptors of target cells.

Endocrine glands

Exocrine glands producing mucus, or similar individual cells called

goblet cells

Exocrine glands producing largely enzymes (proteins) are called

serous glands

Lungs, Kidney, Liver

Simple Squamous

Kidney tubules, Thyroid Gland

Simple Cuboidal

Small intestine, Stomach Lining and gallbladder

Simple Columnar

Trachea, Bronchial tree, ductus deferens, epididymis

Pseudostratified

Vagina, mouth, esophagus, epidermis

Stratified squamous

Sweat glands, large ducts of exocrine glands, anorectal junction

Stratified cuboidal

Male Urethra, largest ducts of exocrine gland, anorectal junction

Stratified Columnar

Renal Calyces, Ureters, Urethra, Bladder

Transitional

Produces substance that are needed to be secreted out

Glandular Epithelium

These secrete substances and create fibers deposited in the basement membrane

Fibroblasts

2 major links of tight / occluding junctions

CLAUDINS AND OCCLUDINS

2 major links of adherent junctions / zonula adherens

CADHERIN AND CATENIN COMPLEXES

2 major links of desmosomal junctions

DESMOGLEIN AND DESMOCOLLIN

3 TYPES OF SIGNALLING

Endocrine (long distances via blood vessels), Paracrine (nearby cells), Autocrine (self as own receptor).

FUNCTION OF HORMONES:

○ Regulate the chemical composition and volume of the ECF ○ Help regulate metabolism and energy balance ○ Help regulate contraction of smooth muscle and cardiac muscles and secretion of glands ○ Help maintain activities of immune system ○ Plays role in growth and development ○ Contribute to the basic processes of reproduction ○ Help maintain homeostasis

3 types of glands

MEROCRINE APOCRINE HOLOCRINE

Gland that releases products by means of exocytosis at the apical end of the secretory cells

Merocrine aka eccrine

Gland that involves the discharge of free, unbroken, membrane- bound vesicles containing secretory product

Apocrine

Gland that involves the discharge of whole secretory cells, with subsequent disintegration of the cells to release the secretory product.

Holocrine aka terminal differentiation

Exocrine glands classified by products

- Serous glands - Mucous glands - Mixed Glands - Sebacous glands

Glands of Lieberkuhn

Under simple tubular glands, forming tubular epithelia, goblet cells also known as intestinal glands.