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Histology > Epithelium and Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelium and Connective Tissue Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Metaplasia

A

any tranformation from one type of cell to another in adult tissues

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2
Q

goblet cell

A

mucus secreting cells in respiratory and intestinal tract

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3
Q

Dysplasia

A

changing of cells that leads to disease

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4
Q

desmosome/macula adherens

A

anchor cells to neighbors by ‘spot welds’

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5
Q

Defensins

A

cationic proteins that live on skin and kill fungi, bacteria and viruses

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6
Q

Connexons

A

make up gap junctions

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7
Q

CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator)

A

allow chlorine and thyocyanate across epithelial cells. If you have problems with this protein, you have cystic fibrosis.

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8
Q

Carcinoma

A

cancerous epithelial cells. Anti-keratin antibodies are important in diagnosing carcinomas.

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9
Q

brush border

A

microvilli for absorption

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10
Q

basement membrane

A

Thin layer of ECM between epithelium and connective tissue

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11
Q

basal lamina

A

basement membrane (under electron microscopy)

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12
Q

zonula occludens/tight junction

A

junction of two cells that ensures transport and controls permeability of epithelium

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13
Q

zonula adherens

A

velcro belt, anchors cells to neighbors, plays role in cytoplasmic mobility

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14
Q

terminal web

A

apical surface in cells with microvilli. Contracts and opens up microvilli to aid in absorption.

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15
Q

terminal bar

A

attaches epithelial cells on lateral and apical surfaces.

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16
Q

Serous

A

benign, pale yellow body juice

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17
Q

Keratin

A

intermediate filaments, tough, form a network.

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18
Q

Connective tissue is derrived from

A

mesenchyme

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19
Q

4 types of resident connective tissue cells

A

adipose, fibroblas, mast cells, macrophage

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20
Q

4 types of transient connective tissue cells

A

lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils

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21
Q

Resident connective tissue cells are derived from

A

mesenchymal cells (stem cell)

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22
Q

transient connective tissue cells

A

hemapoetic stem cells

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23
Q

basics of wound healing

A

Inflammation- neutrophils
Proliferation-from basal layer and fibroblasts from LCT and macrophages
and maturation— restoration from stem cells

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24
Q

consequences of fibrosis rather than normal healing

A

fibroblasts turn into myofibroblasts, if you get too many you leave a tissue scar.

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25
Fibrosis occurs when?
PERSISTENT tissue damage, and you get replacement of cells and GS with fiber, so you have a less-functional organ (liver, kidney etc)
26
Type 1 collagen
most abundant type of collagen, forms bundles, ex. dermis, fibrocartilage, bone, tendons (Strength, but not flexibility) resist stretch, provide tensile strength
27
Type 3 Collagen
Type of collagen that there are no bundles, | ex. stroma of smooth muscle, loose connective tissue in endocrine glands and liver, etc. reticular fibers
28
dense connective tissue
Lots of fibers, fewer cells. Irreg will be in deeper dermis, organ capsules, submucosa of the intestine. Reg will be tendons and ligaments
29
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
linear chains of repeating disaccharides, Negatively charged, look like bottle brushes, resist compression
30
granulation tissue
makes up wound tissue while healing. Mostly fibroblasts and myofibroblasts
31
ground substance consists of
consists of GAGs, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins) and fluid
32
function of ground susbstance
where you store electrolytes and water, resist compression, attach and move cells in ECM, form fluid barrier
33
loose connective tissue
areolar connective tissue, lots of cells, few fibers.
34
Glycoproteins
globular proteins,short branched carbohydrates, connect cells to ECM via integrin receptors. Eg. Fibronectin and laminin- found at basement membrane
35
proteoglycan
GAGs with Hyaluronic acid attached to protein backbone to form proteoglycans
36
plasma cells
- derived from B lymphocytes - produce antibodies | - short lived (10days); "clock-faced" nucleus
37
parenchyma
the tissue of an organ that is there for the actual function of the organ; usually makes up bulk of the organ
38
mast cell
- derived from precursors in bone marrow | - inflammatory response, histamine, long life
39
macrophage
- derived from monocytes - sense damage and wound repair - long lived
40
lymphocytes
- b lymphocytes froduce plasma cells - t lymphocytes - helper and cytotoxin cells - long lived
41
focal adhesion complex
mechanical linkage to ECM | -actin binds to integin that binds to basement membrane
42
integins
transmembrane receptors that are the bridges of cell to cell and cell to ECM interactions
43
what is disrupted in oral squamous carcinoma?
desmosomes
44
adenocarcinoma
cancer of the glands
45
transient amplifying cells
Stem cells in epithelium. When signaled to reproduce, they become "transient amplifying cells" usually found in the basal layer. Transient amplifying cells then differentiate into different tissue cells
46
hemidesmosomes
attach one cell to the extracellular matrix
47
Typical locations for Simple low/squamous
capillaries and alveoli of lungs
48
Typical locations for Simple columnar
Stomach and small intestine
49
Typical location for Psuedostratified columnar epithelium
respiratory tract (respiratory epithelium)
50
Typical locations for stratified squamous
skin, esophagus, mouth, vagina
51
Typical locations for Stratified cuboidal
sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands
52
Location for Stratified columnar epithelium
male urethra
53
barrier epithelia examples
oral muscoa, urinary system, upper respiratory tract, skin, gut
54
Connexons are made up of 6 __________.
Connexins
55
transcytosis
transporting across interior of cell
56
Endothelium
Thin layer of cells lining the blood vessels
57
Stroma
tissue other than the parenchyma; include blood vessels, nerves, CT, etc.
58
Mnemonic for the other name of desmosomes (spot welds)
macula adherens: "imMACULAte--without SPOT” (spot welds)
59
Tropocollagen
subunit of collagen fibrils consisting of three polypeptide strands arranged in a helix
60
elastic fibers
Straight fibers with core protein (elastin) surrounded by glycoprotein (fibrillin)
61
integrin
proteins that function mechanically, by attaching the cell cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and biochemically, by sensing whether adhesion has occurred

Histology (4 decks)

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