Muscle and Nervous Tissue

Question 1

perikaryon

Answer 1

neural cell body

Question 2

function of dendritic spine and where is it found

Answer 2

isolate and modulate inputs. found in cortex and cerebellum

Question 3

astrocytes

Answer 3

• CNS only; transfer molecules from blood to neurons
• ensheath (synapses, dendrites, cell bodies) for protection
• take up potassium and neurotransmitters

Question 4

microglia

Answer 4

• CNS only
• survey environment
• resident macrophages of CNS
• derived from yolk sac

Question 5

2 divisions of the PNS

Answer 5

1. autonomic-involuntary

2. somatic - voluntary

Question 6

groups of neurons in PNS

Answer 6

ganglia

Question 7

groups of neurons in CNS

Answer 7

nuclei

Question 8

bundle of axons in PNS

Answer 8

nerve

Question 9

bundle of axons in CNS

Answer 9

tract

Question 10

layers of neurons in CNS

Answer 10

cortex

Question 11

oligodendrocytes

Answer 11

myelinate CNS axons

Question 12

ependymal cells

Answer 12

secrete CSF, line ventricles and central canal, derived form neural tube

Question 13

schwann cells

Answer 13

in PNS only ; surround cells, myelinate cells, phagocytes

Question 14

peripheral ganglia

Answer 14

covered by connective tissue capsule. each neuron surrounded by satellite cells

Question 15

satellite cells in nervous tissue

Answer 15

schwann cells

Question 16

gray matter and white matter contents

Answer 16

gray- neurons, dendrites, and synapses
white - axons
*both contain astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia

Question 17

choroid plexus

Answer 17

modified ependymal cells that produce CSF (in brain);

Question 18

neurophil

Answer 18

region densely filled with dendrites and axons making synaptic contacts

Question 19

pericyte

Answer 19

contractile cell that wraps around endothelial cells

Question 20

function of the nervous sytem

Answer 20

rapid communication and integration

Question 21

dendritic spine

Answer 21

isolate and modulate inputs; important in learning and memory

Question 22

neural cell bodies

Answer 22

• aka perikayron
• contain lots of rough ER
• does NOT undergo cell division

Question 23

most numerous glial cell in CNS

Answer 23

astrocytes

Question 24

myofibers

Answer 24

muscle cell/ fiber. made up of myofibrils

Question 25

myofilaments

Answer 25

chain of actin and myosin that pack a muscle fiber, each myosin is surrounded by 6 actin

Question 26

actin

Answer 26

thin filament

Question 27

myosin

Answer 27

thick filament

Question 28

satellite cells

Answer 28

help myotubes differentiate into muscle fiber, help repair and increase skeletal muscle

Question 29

epimysium

Answer 29

dense connective tissue encloses muscle

Question 30

perimysium

Answer 30

dense connective tissue encloses fascicle

Question 31

endomysium

Answer 31

connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers

Question 32

alpha actinin

Answer 32

protein that is arranged in Z-lines forming sarcomeres

Question 33

desmin and vimentin

Answer 33

intermediate filament proteins that hold the myofibrils together

Question 34

troponin c

Answer 34

binds calcium, then moves tropomyosin (exposing actin) giving myosin access to actin in skeletal muscle

Question 35

calcium calmodulin

Answer 35

in smooth muscle calcium binds calcium calmodulin which then phosphorylates myosin light chain cycle which then binds actin and begins sliding

Question 36

In skeletal muscle, where is calcium stored?

Answer 36

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

muscle originates from __________.

Answer 37

mesoderm

Question 38

satellite cells in muscle

Answer 38

myoblasts

Question 39

Intercalated disks (location, structure, and function)

Answer 39

easily identifiable feature of cardiac muscle; have gap junctions; allow electrical signal to move throughout heart

Question 40

Features of cardiac nuclei

Answer 40

1-3 nuclei, centrally located

Question 41

tropomyosin

Answer 41

blocks attachment sites on actin in skeletal muscle; moved when calcium binds to Troponin C

Question 42

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 42

defective dystrophin. Muscle cells rip themselves apart, fat replaces dead myofibers.

Question 43

Blood brain barrier

Answer 43

formed by tight junctions between fenestrated capillary endothelial cells. Astrocytes and pericytes are involved.

Question 44

Dorsal root ganglion

Answer 44

sensory structure (not motor); contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons (pseudounipolar) that bring information from the periphery to the spinal cord.

Question 45

pseudounipolar neuron

Answer 45

has one axon with two branches: peripheral (from the cell body to the periphery: skin, joint and muscle) and central (from the cell body to spinal cord).