Muscle and Nervous Tissue Flashcards Preview

Histology > Muscle and Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Flashcards in Muscle and Nervous Tissue Deck (45)
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1
Q

perikaryon

A

neural cell body

2
Q

function of dendritic spine and where is it found

A

isolate and modulate inputs. found in cortex and cerebellum

3
Q

astrocytes

A
  • CNS only; transfer molecules from blood to neurons
  • ensheath (synapses, dendrites, cell bodies) for protection
  • take up potassium and neurotransmitters
4
Q

microglia

A
  • CNS only
  • survey environment
  • resident macrophages of CNS
  • derived from yolk sac
5
Q

2 divisions of the PNS

A
  1. autonomic-involuntary

2. somatic - voluntary

6
Q

groups of neurons in PNS

A

ganglia

7
Q

groups of neurons in CNS

A

nuclei

8
Q

bundle of axons in PNS

A

nerve

9
Q

bundle of axons in CNS

A

tract

10
Q

layers of neurons in CNS

A

cortex

11
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

myelinate CNS axons

12
Q

ependymal cells

A

secrete CSF, line ventricles and central canal, derived form neural tube

13
Q

schwann cells

A

in PNS only ; surround cells, myelinate cells, phagocytes

14
Q

peripheral ganglia

A

covered by connective tissue capsule. each neuron surrounded by satellite cells

15
Q

satellite cells in nervous tissue

A

schwann cells

16
Q

gray matter and white matter contents

A

gray- neurons, dendrites, and synapses
white - axons
*both contain astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia

17
Q

choroid plexus

A

modified ependymal cells that produce CSF (in brain);

18
Q

neurophil

A

region densely filled with dendrites and axons making synaptic contacts

19
Q

pericyte

A

contractile cell that wraps around endothelial cells

20
Q

function of the nervous sytem

A

rapid communication and integration

21
Q

dendritic spine

A

isolate and modulate inputs; important in learning and memory

22
Q

neural cell bodies

A
  • aka perikayron
  • contain lots of rough ER
  • does NOT undergo cell division
23
Q

most numerous glial cell in CNS

A

astrocytes

24
Q

myofibers

A

muscle cell/ fiber. made up of myofibrils

25
Q

myofilaments

A

chain of actin and myosin that pack a muscle fiber, each myosin is surrounded by 6 actin

26
Q

actin

A

thin filament

27
Q

myosin

A

thick filament

28
Q

satellite cells

A

help myotubes differentiate into muscle fiber, help repair and increase skeletal muscle

29
Q

epimysium

A

dense connective tissue encloses muscle

30
Q

perimysium

A

dense connective tissue encloses fascicle

31
Q

endomysium

A

connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers

32
Q

alpha actinin

A

protein that is arranged in Z-lines forming sarcomeres

33
Q

desmin and vimentin

A

intermediate filament proteins that hold the myofibrils together

34
Q

troponin c

A

binds calcium, then moves tropomyosin (exposing actin) giving myosin access to actin in skeletal muscle

35
Q

calcium calmodulin

A

in smooth muscle calcium binds calcium calmodulin which then phosphorylates myosin light chain cycle which then binds actin and begins sliding

36
Q

In skeletal muscle, where is calcium stored?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

muscle originates from __________.

A

mesoderm

38
Q

satellite cells in muscle

A

myoblasts

39
Q

Intercalated disks (location, structure, and function)

A

easily identifiable feature of cardiac muscle; have gap junctions; allow electrical signal to move throughout heart

40
Q

Features of cardiac nuclei

A

1-3 nuclei, centrally located

41
Q

tropomyosin

A

blocks attachment sites on actin in skeletal muscle; moved when calcium binds to Troponin C

42
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

defective dystrophin. Muscle cells rip themselves apart, fat replaces dead myofibers.

43
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

formed by tight junctions between fenestrated capillary endothelial cells. Astrocytes and pericytes are involved.

44
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

sensory structure (not motor); contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons (pseudounipolar) that bring information from the periphery to the spinal cord.

45
Q

pseudounipolar neuron

A

has one axon with two branches: peripheral (from the cell body to the periphery: skin, joint and muscle) and central (from the cell body to spinal cord).