Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HDM > Epithelium & Integument > Flashcards

Epithelium & Integument Flashcards

1
Q
A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Lining of body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A

Stratified Squamous Keratinized (Cornified)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

Transitional Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

Apical specialization:

Microvilli

Increase surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

Sterocilia

Very long, non-motile microvilli

Rigid due to actin filaments

Absorption & Secretion

Found in epididymis and inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A

Cilia

Mobile, hair-like projections, extension of cytoskeleton

Specilized for coordinated movement

Movement of cilia generates current for movement of fluids and particulate matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

Flagella

Mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A

1) Zonula Occludens (tight junctions)
2) Zonula adherens (adhering junctions)
3) Macula adherens (desmosome)
4) Gap junctions (connexons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

Tight Junctions

Arrows: Cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of Anchoring Junctions or Zonula Adherens?

A

Fasten cells to each other or extracellular matrix

Location: Beneath tight junctions (basolateral side)

Contain both plaques of myosin, tropomyosin, & vinculin on opposing membranes

Terminal web microfilaments insert to provide additional stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of gap junctions?

A

Mediate intercellular communication by allowing rapid spread of info

(Allows passage of ions b/w cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

Basement membrane

Made up of basal lamina & reticular lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Basal lamina

A

Contains:

Lamina lucida- extracellular glycoproteins (entactin, integrins, & laminin)

Lamina densa- mesh work of collagen IV fibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reticular lamina

A

Produces by fibroblasts, composed of collagen I & III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

Hemidesmosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A

General organization of skin

A: Hair

B: Afferent nerve endings

C: Arrector muscle of hair

D: Collagen and elastic fibers

E: Sebaceous gland

F: Hair follicle

G: Fat

H: Cutaneous nerve

I: Lymphatic vessel

J: Superficial blood vessels

K: Skin ligament

L: Sweat gland

M: Epidermis

N: Dermis

O: Subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia)

P: Deep fascia

Q: Skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
A

Skin

Largest organ (16% of body weight)

Functions:

  • Physical, chemical, and biological barrier
  • Prevents desiccation
  • Synthesize Vit D3
  • Excretion
  • Thermoregulation
  • Touch sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Thick Skin A: Duct of sweat gland B: Sweat gland C: Subcutaneous adipose tissue
26
Thin Skin A: Upper part of hair follicle B: Sebacous gland C: Sweat gland
27
Thick Skin
Found on palmar hand and plantar food Sweat glands No hair Very thick stratum corneum Have epidermal ridges and furrows that correspond to dermal papillae -Pattern consistent and unique (fingerprints)
28
Thin Skin
Found everywhere BUT palmar hand and plantar foot Has sweat and sebaceous glands Hair Thin stratum corneum
29
Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale
30
Epidermis
Develops from ectoderm Avascular 5 stratum Keratinized stratified squamous Free Nerve Endings (unencapsulated) Replaced 15-30 days
31
Stratum Basale Simple columnar/cuboidal cells Bound to keratinocytes by desmosomes (macula adherens) Bound to basal lamina by hemidesmosomes at the dermal-epidermal junction Mitotically active Produces keratin (cytokeratin tonofilaments)
32
Stratum spinosum Bundles of tonofilaments associated with desmosomes (spiny appearance) Prickle cell layer Mitotically active Stratum basale + stratum spinosum = Malphigian layer Layer thickens with pressure --\> corn & calluses Makes keratohyalin granules and lemmelar granules
33
SG?
Stratum granulosum Distinct nucleus Characterized by granules Keratohyalin granules Lamellar Granules Cholesterol sulfate = glue
34
Keratohyalin granules
Basophilic non-membrane bound granules Cystine and histamine rich protein Assembles keratin into bundles
35
Lamellar Granules
Barrier to foreign material Protects from dehydration
36
SL?
Stratum Lucidum Translucent band of cells No organelles or nuclei Only in thick skin Densely packed keratin filaments
37
SC?
Continuously exfoliated Cells filled with mature keratin
38
Keratinocytes
Most abundant Makes keratin and lamellar granules Final location of melanin
39
Melanocytes
In stratum basale (no desmosomes) Makes melanin Transfers melanin to keratinocytes Melanin: - Protects cell nucleus from UV radiation - Tyrosinase enzyme is UV sensative - Cytocrine secretion
40
Langerhans Cells
DCs In stratum spinosum Easily damaged by UV radiation Involved in immune system Pale cytoplasm with long process Contains Bierbeck's granules
41
Merkel cells
In stratum basale Numerous in thick skin Posses free nerve endings Develop from neural crest Act as mechanoreceptors Part of diffuse neuroendocrine system Can give rise to very bad skin cancer
42
A: Keratinocyte B: Merkel Cell C: Langerhans cell D: Melanocyte
43
Dermis
Rich blood supply Derived from mesoderm 2 layers: - Papillary layer - Reticular layer Rich in elastic fibers No regeneration
44
Papillary layer
Layer of dermis Contains Meissner's corpuscles
45
Meissener's corpuscle Mechanoreceptor Touch Prominent in lips, fingertips, plantar feet and genitals Found in papillary layer of dermis
46
Reticular layer of dermis Dense irregular connective tissue: - type I collagen - elastic fibers (abundant) Ateriovenous anastomoses (thermoregulation) Pacinian corpuscles Ruffini End organ (Krause End Bulbs) Peritrichial Nerve Endings
47
Pacinian Corpuscles: - Onion like appearance - Encapsulated pressure receptors - Larger and less numerous than Meissner's corpuscle - Present in hypodermis too
48
Ruffini End Organ: - Found in reticular layer of dermis - Responds to stretching - Present in skin and joint capsules
49
Peritrichial Nerve Endings: - Found in reticular layer of dermis - Nerve fibers wrapped around the base of the hair follicle - Stimulated by hair movement
50
A: Pacinian corpuscle B: Meissner's corpuscle C: Ruffini End Organ D: Peritrichial Nerve Ending
51
Hypodermis
Superficial fascia (subcutaneous fascia) Loose connective tissue Derived from mesoderm Loosely binds skin to underlying structures Adipose Tissue
52
A: Sebaceous Gland B: Hair shaft C: Arrector Pili muscle D: Hair Bulb
53
A: Hair bulb B: Hair Matrix C: Dermal Papilla
54
A: External root sheath B: Internal root sheath C: Cuticle D: Cortex E: Medulla
55
Glands are found deep in the dermis or hypodermis Sebaceous glands Abundant on face & scalp Simple branched acinar Single duct A: Hair follicle B: Arrector pili muscle C: Sebaceous glands D: Arrector pili muscle
56
Sweat gland
57
Sweat gland
58
Sebaceous gland - Secrete sebum - Holocrine - Waxy mix of TAG and cholesterol - Lubricates & softens skin - Waterproofs skin - Obstruction of duct --\> acne - Controlled hormonally
59
Sweat gland Eccrine (Merocrine) gland: - Watery secretory product: water, salt, ammonia, uric acid, and mucinogen granules - Thermoregulation Apocrine gland: - Viscous secretory product: odorless initially, bacterial breakdown --\> odor - Adrenergic regulation - Empties into hair follicle - Responds to hormones
60
Specialized Apocrine glands
- Ceruminous glands of the External auditory meatus: produces ear wax - Ciliary glands (of Moll): Associated with the eye lids and eye lashes

HDM (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions