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EPPP Flashcards

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1
Q

What neurotransmitter is primarily involved in reward, motivation, and motor control, and is linked to Parkinson’s and schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine

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2
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for regulating hunger, thirst, temperature, and the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

What structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them?

A

Corpus callosum

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4
Q

What lobe of the brain processes visual information?

A

Occipital lobe

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5
Q

What brain structure is critical for the formation of new long-term memories?

A

Hippocampus

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6
Q

What division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s disease and is important for learning and memory?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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8
Q

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination of voluntary movement and balance

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9
Q

What brain region regulates emotions such as fear and aggression?

A

Amygdala

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10
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

To insulate axons and increase the speed of neural transmission

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11
Q

What brain lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as planning, decision-making, and impulse control?

A

Frontal lobe

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12
Q

Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation and is targeted by SSRIs?

A

Serotonin

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13
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Processing sensory input related to touch, temperature, and pain

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14
Q

Which part of the brainstem controls heart rate and respiration?

A

Medulla oblongata

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15
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

A

Approximately -70 millivolts

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16
Q

What happens during depolarization in a neuron?

A

Sodium (Na+) ions rush into the cell, making the inside more positive

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17
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

Support, nourish, and protect neurons

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18
Q

What is the role of the thalamus?

A

Relay sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex

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19
Q

What part of the brain is involved in motor control and is affected in Huntington’s disease?

A

Basal ganglia

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20
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier?

A

A selective barrier that protects the brain from toxins and pathogens in the blood

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21
Q

What is the capacity of short-term memory?

A

About 7 ± 2 items

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22
Q

What cognitive bias involves relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered?

A

Anchoring bias

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23
Q

What is the term for a mental structure used to organize and interpret information?

24
Q

What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Study These Flashcards
A

Emotion is the perception of physiological arousal

25
Which type of memory is responsible for knowing how to do things, like riding a bike?
Procedural memory
26
What is conformity?
Adjusting behavior or thinking to align with a group standard
27
What is cognitive dissonance?
The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting thoughts or beliefs
28
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Overestimating dispositional factors and underestimating situational ones in others' behavior
29
What is stereotype threat?
The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s group
30
What is groupthink?
The desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives
31
What are Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
32
What is Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development for adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
33
What is object permanence?
Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they can't be seen
34
What is attachment theory?
Theory that early relationships with caregivers affect future relationships
35
What is the zone of proximal development?
The range between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help
36
What does the MMPI-2 measure?
Personality and psychopathology
37
What is the purpose of a mental status exam?
To assess a client's current cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning
38
What does reliability refer to in psychological testing?
The consistency of a test's results
39
What is the DSM-5 used for?
Diagnosing mental disorders
40
What is a projective test?
A personality test using ambiguous stimuli to uncover unconscious desires or conflicts
41
What is the goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
To change negative thought patterns and behaviors
42
What is exposure therapy commonly used to treat?
Phobias and anxiety disorders
43
What is motivational interviewing?
A client-centered method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change
44
What is transference?
When a client projects feelings about important figures onto the therapist
45
What is the therapeutic alliance?
The collaborative relationship between therapist and client
46
What is internal validity?
The degree to which an experiment shows a causal relationship between variables
47
What does a p-value represent?
The probability that the results occurred by chance
48
What is a Type I error?
Incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis (false positive)
49
What is a double-blind study?
Neither participants nor researchers know who is receiving the treatment
50
What is standard deviation?
A measure of variability around the mean
51
What is informed consent?
The process of providing sufficient information for clients to make an informed decision about participation
52
What does confidentiality mean in therapy?
Keeping client information private, with certain legal exceptions
53
What is competence in the context of ethical practice?
Having the necessary training and skills to provide services
54
What should a psychologist do if they suspect abuse?
Report it according to local laws and ethical guidelines
55
What is multiple relationships in ethics?
When a psychologist has more than one type of relationship with a client, which can impair objectivity or effectiveness

EPPP (3 decks)

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