EQ1 Flashcards
(7 cards)
London Docklands History
Containerisation - inaccessibility - docks moved further downstream
Decline in shipping industry:
1970-80 30k jobs lost
50% derelict by 1981
Unemployment 24% for males
Inadequate transport links deterred investment - started spiral of decline
Bognor Regis - Local
Tourism/commercial function
Fishing -> royals seaside resort
Social:
25k, 62% 18-64, 5600
94% white, 28% foreign born
3.3% unemployed
24% no qualifications
IMD: ILem = 2, BCHed = 1
Hotham ward: emL = 9 (Butlins)
Crime 138/1000
Influences:
South downs, Chichester - A27
Butlins, Saltbox industrial business park
EU policies - migration (PL,LT)
Living environment:
Beach + Hotham Park, good air quality
Population density (lack of housing), waste dumped into sea
‘Bognor beach could be one of the most polluted in the UK’
Regeneration:
Needed for tourism, housing and high overall deprivation
Saltbox Estate 30000m^2
Cinema 4th screen £45k
2500 new homes in West Bersted
$1bn Butlins investment
Enterprise Bognor 70Ha - 4k jobs
Reading - Contrasting
Commercial/administrative - historically a market town - close to London
Social:
174k, 64% 18-64, 4300
55% white
4% unemployed
16% no qualifications
IMD overall 7 (6-9)
Crime 113/1000
Influences:
Retail, high-tech industries
M4 link to London, rail links
Reading University, TNCs e.g Microsoft
Regeneration:
Needed for abandoned/disused areas such as Station Hill, focus on sustainability (congestion issue)
Reading Retail Shopping Park - 950 homes
Metropolitan Scheme - 600 apartments, shops, 636 cycle spaces, only 94 parking spaces
London Docklands Regeneration
LDDC regenerated the Docklands under the UDC with private and public investment
50k homes
Canary Wharf gentrification
£20mn spent on living environment - parks and gardens
DLR opened in 1987 - cost £73mn
LCA opened in 1987 - 4.3mn passengers yearly
600Ha land reclaimed by 1988
LDDC attracted investment from TNCs e.g HSBC with re-imaging and creation of enterprise zone
National govt granted planning permission
Transport for London implemented DLR
Notting Hill - Gentrification
Declining urban area, dereliction, low investment, high unemployment
Positive multiplier effect using gentrification to attract affluent residents
Cheapest houses now cost £350k
Crime reduction
Has reignited racial tensions from 1950s when caribbean immigrants moved into the area
Poverty not reduced, but rather moved elsewhere (spatial scale)
Aberystwyth - Studentification
Dereliction, low-skilled, low income area with lack of investment
Regeneration to change place function to adapt to high number of students
2021: Popularion risen to 14k, half of which are students
new shops opened, increased spending in local economy and 20k jobs
Increase in anti-social behaviour, overcrowdedness
London Docklands Regeneration Evaluation
Success:
Biggest banks located there now (HSBC)
14mn sqf office/retail space - shift in function -> services, commercial
Modern facilities e.g gym/canteens help businesses attract staff
Number of workers tripled since 2000
Failure:
Original dockers displaced - gentrified area which lacks integration with established residents - skill set
NS divide - regional inequality
