EQ4 Flashcards
(12 cards)
Other factors to consider when measuring success of regeneration
Timescale
Spatial scale
Relative vs Absolute changes
Economic, social and environmental
Concerns about regeneration for locals
Consultation - top-down unpopular
Integration vs new regenerated area
Timescale - more concerned with short-term
Jobs - matching skill sets? - feeling marginalised
Urban Regeneration - Stratford
History
1850-1900 industrialisation - chemical manufacturing
25% destroyed in WW2
1951-75 40k jobs lost, 20% unemployment (DI)
Town centre now regenerated and developed into a transport hub:
- Jubilee Line
- Dockland Light Railway
London 2012 Olympic Legacy plan - aimed to create long-term benefits
(Economy, sports, social change)
Urban Regeneration - Stratford
Evaluation
Social:
Athlete village -> 3000 homes
but only 40% are affordable
New school: Chobham Academy
Unemployment fell across all of London
450 cheap homes demolished
Economic:
2nd most connected part of London (tube network) - infrastructure
£300mn media centre sold to House TNC Infinity - quaternary (data storage)
Property prices risen
Olympics total bill for taxpayer money was £5bn over budget
Environment:
4000 trees added to urban area
Green spaces - living environment
Stadiums 25% recyclable materials
3.3mn tonnes of co2 produced from Olympics
Rural vs Urban regeneration
Rural: economic judged against environmental
Urban: economic judged against social
Lived experiences affect perceptions of urban regeneration
Stakeholders have varying opinions on the purpose/goal of regeneration is
Local govt:
Employment data, long-term ability to sustain investment
(more removed from lived experience)
National govt:
Wider spatial scale (viewed from a distance) spreading out of successful industries
TNCs / FDI
(don’t have a lived experience of place)
Residents:
Look and feel (stronger connection to place) - qualitative and harder to assess
Businesses:
Welcome regeneration as it improves business, recruits skilled workers, more spending power of customers
But may be threatened by new businesses (long-term family-run businesses - attachment to place)
Developers:
DC in charge of the scheme focus almost solely on profit
Limited emotional attachment to the place
Rural Regeneration - Cornwall
History
Core/periphery - poor transport links - brain drain, depopulation, low investment
2005: Wages 25% below na
Agricultural decline and exhaustion of time mining caused DI - spiral of decline
Priorities for regeneration:
Economic growth and diversification
Create jobs
Stop depopulation
Need for and success of regeneration evaluated using S/E/E indicators
Health
Life Expectancy
Education
IMD scores
Inequality (spatial - between and within areas)
^(social success)
Income
Poverty
Employment
^(economic success)
Pollution levels
Derelict land
Green space
^(living environment)
- The more of these indicators that improve, the more successful
Lived experiences affect perceptions of rural regeneration
Stakeholders have varying opinions on the purpose/goal of regeneration is
Local govt:
employment data, long-term ability to sustain investment
(more removed from lived experience)
National govt:
wider spatial scale (viewed from a distance) spreading out of successful industries
TNCs / FDI
(don’t have a lived experience of place)
Businesses:
Welcome regeneration as it improves business, recruits skilled workers, more spending power of customers
But may be threatened by new businesses (long-term family-run businesses - attachment to place)
Residents:
Look and feel (stronger connection to place) - qualitative and harder to assess
Longer residence times can mean a disapproval due to nostalgia/affection
OR accepting as they have seen many changes over time which have shaped the place positively
Second home owners/visitots:
Visit only seasonally so limited lived experience
May be more exposed to the positives and favour projects which benefit them
Rural Regeneration - Cornwall
Eden Project:
Built on brownfield land (former quarry)
UK’s 3rd most visited tourist attraction within 6 months
400 jobs
£150 spent per visitor
2008: 80% of local businesses said it has helped their business
Traffic congestion - roads overwhelmed
Objections to mega wind farm nearby
Overall: Success
5.8% vs 5.4% 2022
Contested issues with large-scale rural developments
Renewable energy - nimbyism
Some people prefer derelict land in rural areas as nature takes over
Pressure on road infrastructure
Impact on local wildlife and ecosystems
Rural Regeneration - North Antrim Coast
Giant’s Causeway - extended formation of basalt columns
1mn visitors in 2018
Bottom-up initiatives have aimed to spread the economic potential of high visitor numbers
by restructuring how redevelopment funds are spent
Local action group was set up under EU LEADER Initiative which redistributed £9.6mn EU redevelopment funds
The LAG shifted decision making away from development corporations and local governments
£30k start-up investment provided to new small local businesses
Successful as it led to sustainable long-term economic growth with little social or environmental costs
However economic growth largely limited to the region - lack of national spread of wealth for NI
