EQ3- 4.7-4.9 Flashcards
What are the two ways in which reaeration is managed
- by national governments (UK government)- they play vital roles in regeneration
-by local governments- aim to represent areas as attractive for inwards investment
case study, national government decision for regeneration, HS2…
HS2
- aimed at addressing inequalities in income (north south divide)
- long term project
- to aid the OVERALL development of the country
- in 2015, the UK government created the Northern Powerhouse (proposal to boost economic growth)
- £56 bn railway-> financial cost is too high
- the gov expects it to create £20,000 jobs
- Wildlife Trusts state that it will lead to a net loss of biodiversity
- quicker commute times
-acts on preventing a two-speed economy - farmers land taken away
-people’s homes destroyed
case study, national government decision for regeneration, Heathrow airport
Heathrow
-aim of expanding Heathrow airport
-want to reduce travel times (main aim)
-to improve accessibility to regenerate regions- ( Newcastle, Manchester and Glasgow regional airports invested in)
what are the 3 National decisions made by UK government
fracking,
planning decisions,
house building targets
national decision made by the UK government: Fracking
Fracking
-To meet the demands of the rise in population
-NIMBY
-Prioritises national needs
-local opposition
national decision made by the UK government:
Planning decisions
Planning decisions
-To achieve economic development some local gov laws are overridden
- want to increase potential of local regeneration e.g. building on a greenfield site
national decision made by the UK government:
House Building Targets
House Building targets
-lack of housing supply= houses have rapidly increased within the UK
- UK gov may be met with NIMBY opposition
- 240,000 homes need to be built each year to meet current demand.
planning laws like greenbelt policy make releasing new land hard to achieve. Lack of ability to build new housing can prevent economic development and regeneration by limiting the opportunities for new people to move into an area.
UK government decision making: what has the open door policy led to
Open door policy- opening UKs borders to migration has led to rapid economic development and regeneration as migrants have brought population growth and businesses
UK government decision making: open to deregulation
Deregulation: the UK is very open to foreign investment, including allowing foreign people and companies to buy property. In 2016, the Guardian estimated that 40,000 London properties were owned by offshore tax havens. These properties may not be lived in, or even rented.
Leads to rising house prices
what are 3 responsibilities of the local government
-Competing for investment- (science parks)
-local decision making- (ensuring as many stakeholders are happy)
-regeneration strategies- ( attract investment; sports led regen in Olympic park.)
how can the local government gain investment
local governments make an area more attractive to investors and national govs by improving derelict sites, transport, power and water supply, so that private companies can choose to invest. For partnership for regeneration to work they need to include as many players as possible: (local interest groups)
what are the local interest groups that can be of use to local governments
- Chambers of Commerce: these organisations represent business and industry in a local area, and persuade local and national governments to invest in infrastructure, education and skills training.
- Trade unions: their jobs is to represent workers in particular industries over issues like pay and conditions; their support is important to many companies that want good worker-manager relationships.
- Education: schools, further and higher education establishments provide the skilled workers modern business need so they are key partners.
- Local groups: regeneration and development involves change, so local environmental (preservation) groups, historical preservation societies and even wildlife groups need to be involved so that change does not lead to negative local consequences.
one way in which local governments have gained investment is through science parks (sympathetic business environments), name some facts abt science parks
-Cambridge Science Park has attracted 100 companies, including global technology companies
- high speed internet, attractive surroundings and facilities, modern, latest science technology, high tech industries that attract highly skilled employees
name some facts about the Olympic parks regeneration which was aided by national and local governments
-regen including retail led plans, tourism, leisure and sport
-public sector investment
-sports led regen
-multitude of players involved
-adopting different strats to gain investment
- previously deprived
-to create a sports legacy
-gyms, sports fields, playgrounds, cafés
-Westfield is the worlds largest shopping city in Europe
-over 20,000 jobs could be created by 2030
- og plans accounted for 50% of all housing in the area to be affordable but local gov in the area wanted more expensive houses as this would improve local government budgets making the area more unaffordable (tensions)
government and private investment: powys regeneration:
-regen including public/private rural diversification (gov and private investment to help rural areas to have a lower reliance on farming)
-regen strategy was designed to… (from powys country council)
1. encourage private partners/ business to invest
2. work with local groups to enable them to regenerate using their own strats
3.trying to create multiplier effects from promoting localised spending
4. improve broadband connectivity to so younger people stay
5. encourage local communities to diversify by using natural assets e.g sustainable tourism and renewable energy.
Powy relies on input from stakeholders:
-powy wants to develop a niche for their place so is distinctive W
-council will share info on regen strats
