regen overview Flashcards
Rebranding
Rebranding- ways in which a place is deliberately re-invented for economic reasons and then marketed using its new identity to attract new visitors
Why there has been a decline in primary sector work in the UK
- coal is getting harder to mine as its located deeper underground.
There has been a decline in secondary sector work in the UK because
because labour is cheaper overseas
tertiary sectors such as tourism and retail have increased due to
cheaper air travel and increased car ownership
There are higher incomes in London which leads to a range of inequalities such as:
- Regional inequalities- London is the economic core
- Variations in QoL- affordability of an area
- Life expectancy-
- Health- deprived= less likely to have a good quality of healthcare
- Educational achievement- London has the highest % of students gaining an A/Astar in a levels compared to elsewhere in the UK
when did the docklands close
1981
how many adult men in the docklands unemployed in the 1981 census
In the 1981 census, 60% of adult men were unemployed.
when was the LDDC put into place and what was its aim
In 1981, a government agency called the LDDC arose
The LDDC brought key players together such as:
- Property owners
- Architects
- Construction companies
- Investors
This process was known as market-led regeneration as it left the private sector.
The LDDC was given planning powers that by-passed local councils. Tax incentives were present to attract investors
The LDDC focused on 3 things: economic growth, infrastructure and housing
infrastructure in Docklands
The LDR was built in 1887 which costed £73 million
reclamation docklands
by 1988, 600 hectares of land was reclaimed
environment docklands
£20 million spent on community and environment projects
housing docklands
50,000+ homes built since 1981
how did demographic change in docklands
Gentrification has occurred in docklands- old warehouses= desirable and expensive
As a result, traditional communities have been fragmented
Population has now been transformed, older moving out and retiring (e.g to Southend on sea), large scale immigration has increased cultural heterogeneity.
Reasons for change may be explained as:
- PHYSICAL FACTORS: location (e.g if its close to a large city), environment (attractiveness), technology (fibre optics)
- ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTEDNESS: access (motorways, rail and air), connections (FDI)
- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT: changes in consumer trends, post-production era, competition (land value), increased affluence (second homes), historic building may have toxic waste that acts as a deterrent
- LOCAL AND NATIONAL PLANNING: national gov may be more economy focused- expanded towns to relieve population pressures. Local governments may focus on localism
Application: the causes of change in Londons East End:
- Globalisation- goods being manufactured overseas meant loss of jobs, people moving out and others moving in= fragmentation
- Employment change- re-urbanised; gentrification, richer and affluent now live here as house prices have also risen
- Inwards migration
