EQ4 2B.12 Flashcards
(9 cards)
What is an ICZM
Holistic approach used to manage coasts (dates from Rio Earth Summit - 1992)
Involves:
-management of entire coastal zone, including all ecosystems, resources and human activity in the zone
-recognises importance of the coastal zone to people’s livelihoods
-recognises that management of the coast must be sustainable
-works with concept of sediment cell
How many sediment cells in england and wales
11
What is a sediment cell
Contains sediment sources, transport paths (flows) and sinks
Each littoral cell is isolated from adjacent cells and can be managed either as a whole unit or a sub-unit
Plan called Shoreline Management Plan which extends across councils
What is coastal management overseen by in the UK
DEFRA
What are the 4 policies made available for coastal management by DEFRA
No active intervention
-no investment in defence against flood/erosion
-coast is allowed to erode landward
Strategic (managed) realignment
-allows coastline to move naturally but managing the process to direct it in certain areas
Hold the line
-maintain coastal defences so position of shoreline remains the same
Advance the line
-build new coastal defences on the seaward side of the existing coastline.
-land reclamation
What is a cost benefit analysis
Used to help decide if defending a coastline from erosion/flooding is economically justifiable
What is an environmental impact assessment
Identifies ST impacts of construction on coastal environment and LT impacts of building new sea defences/changing a policy
Assesses:
impacts on water movement and sediment flow
impacts on water quality
possible changes to flora and fauna
Why is the production of winners and losers inevitable in making policy decision about coasts
DEFRA have limited resources
Winners and losers in coastal management in the developing world
Rapid erosion
-upstream dams
-rapid unplanned coastal development
-widespread destruction on mangrove forests for fuel wood
Losers often poorest people
