Equilibria Flashcards
When is a chemical reaction in a state of equilibrium?
When the rate of the forwards reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction
In the reaction A+B ⇌ C + D
If the concentration of A or B was increased what would happen to the equilibrium
It would be shifted to the right (more C + D would be produced) increasing the rate of the forward reaction
In the reaction A+B ⇌ C + D
If C + D was removed as it was produced what would happen to the equilibrium?
It would be shifted to the right, producing more C and D
Br2 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ HOBr (aq) + H+ (aq) + Br- (aq)
What happens if you add OH- ions to this reaction?
The solution would become colourless as the alkali removes H+ions shifting the equilibrium to the right
Br2 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ HOBr (aq) + H+ (aq) + Br- (aq)
What happens if you add an acid to this reaction?
The equilibrium will shift to the left and the solution will turn brown as the concentration of H+ ions will be increased
If the forward reaction is exothermic how would increasing the temperature effect the equilibrium?
Move the equilibrium to the left (favours the reverse reaction)
If you increase the temperature of a reaction the equilibrium shifts in the direction of the _______ reaction
Endothermic
If you decrease the temperature of a reaction the equilibrium shifts in the direction of the ________ reaction.
Exothermic
Increasing the pressure of a reaction at equilibrium would…
Shift the equilibrium in the direction with the lowest number of molecules in the gas phase
Decreasing the pressure of a reaction at equilibrium would…
Shift the equilibrium in the direction with the most molecules in the gas phase
How do catalysts effect the position of equilibrium?
They don’t effect the position of equilibrium but will reach equilibrium more rapidly
