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From Flashcardlet > Equilibrium and Hearing > Flashcards

Equilibrium and Hearing Flashcards

This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator

0
Q

What are the three anatomical divisions of the ear? What are their functions?

A
  1. External ear - hearing
  2. Middle ear - hearing
  3. Internal ear - hearing and equilibrium
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1
Q

The ear contains organ of ___________ and __________.

A

equilibrium; hearing

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2
Q

What is the skin (integument) covered, funnel-shaped, elastic cartilage supported structure called?

A

Auricle

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3
Q

The auricle leads to a bony tube called the _______________.

A

external acoustic meatus

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4
Q

The external acoustic meatus ends at a structure called the ____________.

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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5
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

An epithelial sheet that vibrates

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6
Q

What is the waxy substance that the acoustic meatus secretes into the auricle?

A

cerumen (earwax)

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7
Q

What is the middle ear?

A

An air filled cavity just medial to the tympanic membrane.

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8
Q

What are the two general structures contained in the middle ear?

A
  1. auditory tube (eustachian tube)

2. auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

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9
Q

What are the 3 smallest bones in the body?

A
  1. malleus
  2. incus
  3. stapes
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10
Q

What are the two smallest muscles in the body?

A
  1. tensor tympani muscle

2. stapedius muscle

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11
Q

List the three bones of the middle ear and their functions?

A
  1. Malleus (hammer) - attached to the tympanic membrane and articulates with the incus
  2. Incus (anvil) - middle of the three bones and, in turn, articulates with the stapes
  3. Stapes (stirrup) - the foot plate of the “stirrup” fits into the oval window on the lateral wall of the inner ear
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12
Q

Where is the inner ear located?

A

within the petrous part of the temporal bone

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13
Q

What are the fluid-filled spaces in the inner ear called?

A

bony labyrinth

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14
Q

Within the bony labyrinth are fluid-filled tubes and spaces are called _______.

A

membranous labyrinth

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15
Q

What type of fluid is in the bony labyrinth?

A

perilymph

16
Q

What type of fluid is the membranous labyrinth filled with?

A

endolymph

17
Q

What is perilymph?

A

CSF

18
Q

What is endolymph?

A

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

19
Q

What two portions of the bony labyrinth make up the vestibular complex?

A

The vestibule and semicircular canals

20
Q

What three regions is the bony labyrinth is partitioned into?

A
  1. Vestibule
  2. Semicircular canals
  3. Cochlea
21
Q

The vestibule contains two saclike, membranous labyrinth parts called _________ and _________.

A

Utricle; saccule

22
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth in the semicircular canals called?

A

semicircular ducts

23
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea called?

A

cochlear duct

24
Q

What is the organ of hearing in the inner ear?

A

cochlea

25
Q

What are the two chambers in the bony labyrinth that surround the cochlear duct called?

A
  1. Scala vestibuli - superior

2. Scala tympani - inferior

26
Q

What is the spiral organ located within the cochlear duct and detects movement of endolymph called?

A

Organ of Corti

27
Q

The Organ of Corti consists of ___________ including __________ and ___________.

A

thick sensory epithelium; hair cells; supporting cells

28
Q

The stereocillia of the hair cells project into an overlying roof called the __________.

A

tectorial membrane

29
Q

What kind of sound frequencies activate hair cells near the base of the basilar membrane?

A

High sound frequencies

30
Q

What kind of sound frequencies activate hair cells near the apex of the basilar membrane?

A

Low sound frequencies

31
Q

Trace the pathway of sound from the CN VIII to the auditory cortex.

A

CN VIII arrives in the brainstem and projects to the

Inferior colliculus > thalamus > auditory cortex

32
Q

What do the maculae give us information about?

A

Linear acceleration

33
Q

What do the ampullae give us information about?

A

Rotational movement of the head

34
Q

Where would you find the maculae and ampullae?

A

The vestibule and semicircular canals

35
Q

What type of cells are the sensory receptors for both hearing and equilibrium?

A

mechanoreceptors

36
Q

What are the calcium carbonate molecules in the maculae called?

A

otoliths

37
Q

In which of the special senses do receptor cells have supporting cells?

A

Taste, Olfaction, Equilibrium and Hearing

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