Equilibrium and Solubility Flashcards
(14 cards)
2 factors that affects equilibrium
- amount of reactants or products
- pressure
how does the position of equilibrium change when more reactant is added
- Q will then be less than K and the equilibrium will move more to the right
- increasing amounts of product until Q=K to restore equilibrium
how does the position of equilibrium change when some reactant is removed
- Q will then be less more than K and the equilibrium will move more to the left
- decreasing amounts of product until Q=K to restore equilibrium
2 ways you can change pressure of a reaction
- changing volume - when volume increases = pressure decreases
- adding an inert gas
relationship between Qc and volume
when volume increases, Qc will decrease (c=n/v)
will changing the volume have an effect on equilibrium
no effect with equal numbers of moles of gas on either side of the equilibrium arrow as volume cancels out
will adding an inert gas have an effect on equilibrium
no effect because there is no term for inert gas in the expression of Q (solids and liquids dont appear)
solubility
a measure of how much solute will dissolve in a given volume of a solvent
saturated solution
formed when the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a particular volume of a solvent at temperature T
3 factors solubility depends on
- chemical nature of solute and solvent
- temperature T
- pressure P (for gaseous solutes)
solubility product
Ksp - the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a slightly soluble salt in water
equation for Ksp
usually the concentration of products raised to stoichiometric powers as pure solids dont appear
how do we know if a precipitate will from in terms of Qsp and Ksp
if Qsp < Ksp no precipitate will form
if Qsp > Ksp a precipitate will form
describe the common ion effect
the presence of a common ion will always decrease the solubility of an ionic solid
