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SG 3 NUTRITION > EQUINE > Flashcards

EQUINE Flashcards

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1
Q

HORSES ARE ______ THAT CHEW THEIR FOOD _____

A

GRAZING NONRUMINANT HERBIVORES

ONCE

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2
Q

HORSES EFFECTIVELY UTILIZE

A

HIGH QUALITY FEED AND HIGH FIBER (GRASS AND HAY)

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3
Q

THREE PHASES OF CHEWING

A

OPENING
CLOSING
POWERSTROKE PHASE

ROSTROCAUDAL MOVEMENT
LATERAL EXCURSION OVAL SIDE TO SIDE

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4
Q

SALIVARY GLANDS CONTAIN _____ WHICH IS A ______

HORSES DO NOT HAVE _____ SALIVARY GLANDS

A

BICARBONATE
BUFFER
ZYGOMATIC

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5
Q

ESOPHAGUS

A

VERY LITTLE REFLUX CAPACITY

RISK OF OBSTRUCTION IE CHOKE

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6
Q

STOMACH

A

HORSES EAT SEVERAL SMALL MEALS PER DAY
PEPSIN DIGESTS PROTEIN
HCL DECREASES BACTERIAL FERMENTATION

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7
Q

SMALL INTESTINE

A

PROTEIN DIGESTION- ABSORBED AS AA
PROTEASE- PROTEIN TO AA
LIPASE- TRIGLYCEROLS + GLYCEROLS FROM FAT
AMYLASE- SUGAR+STARCH- GLUCOSE

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8
Q

WHAT DOES OIL IN THE DIET DO?

A

INCREASES TIME IN SMALL INTESTINE
INCREASES ENZYMATIC DIGESTION
INCREASES ABSORPTION

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9
Q

CECUM

A

SIMILAR TO THE RUMEN
MICROBIAL INOCULATION VAT
HIND GUT FERMENTERS
BREAKS DOWN FEED NOT BROKEN DOWN BY SMALL INTESTINE (FIBROUS FEEDS LIKE HAY)

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10
Q

HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE THE CECUM TO ADJUST TO A NEW DIET?

A

2-3 WEEKS

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11
Q

BACTERIA PRODUCE

A

VITAMIN K
B COMPLEX VITAMINS
FATTY ACIDS
PROTEINS

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12
Q

LARGE COLON

A

DORSAL COLON+ LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRAL COLON

PRIMARY SITE FOR WATER ABSORPTION
MICROBIAL DIGESTION
PRODUCE VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS

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13
Q

WHAT VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS ARE PRODUCED IN THE LARGE COLON

A

ACETATE
BUTRYATE
PROPRIONATE

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14
Q

FUNCTION OF SMALL COLON

A

RECLAIM EXCESSIVE MOISTURE
FECAL BALL FORMATION
EXPULSION TO RECTUM TO ANUS

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15
Q

TRUE/ FALSE

HIGH QUALITY PASTURE/ HAY WILL FUFILL DAILY NUTRIENT REQT

A

TRUE

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16
Q

LEGUME HAY IS BEST FOR

A

PREGNANT AND LACTATING MARES, HIGH PERFORMANCE HORSES, GROWING HORSES, GASTRIC ULCERS

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17
Q

TYPES OF LEGUME HAY

A

**ALFAFA

WHITE CLOVER OR RED CLOVER

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18
Q

GRASS HAY TYPES

A

KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS, ORCHARD GRASS, TIMOTHY GRASS, BERMUDA GRASS

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19
Q

GRASSY HAY IS BEST FOR

A

EASY KEEPERS, LIGHT WORKERS, RETIRED, STALL BOUND

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20
Q

LEGUME HAY IS ____ AND _____ DENSE. HIGH ____ AND HIGH _____

A

ENERGY AND NUTRIENT DENSE
HIGH PROTEIN PROTEIN
HIGH CA

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21
Q

GRASSY HAY IS LOW ____ HIGH ____. THEREFORE YOU CAN FEED ____ VOLUME

A

PROTEIN
FIBER
HIGHER

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22
Q

GOOD QUALITY HAY DEPENDS ON

A

HARVESTED EARLY- DIGESTIBILITY DECREASES WITH MATURITY
FREE OF MOLD, DUST, WEEDS
NOT UNDERGONE WEATHERING
LEAVES NOT STEMS

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23
Q

ROUGHAGE OR GRAIN ALTERNATIVE

A

BEET PULP

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24
Q

BEET PULP CAN BE UP TO ___% OF DIET ?
WHAT KIND OF HORSES CAN BE FED THIS?
FERMENTATION OCCURS WHERE?
YIELDS HIGH WHAT?

A

50
HARD KEEPERS, POOR QUALITY HAY, OLDER HORSES
LARGE COLON
ENERGY

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25
PROS OF CORN
TWICE THE ENERGY OF OATS LEAST EXPENSIVE HIGH IN VITAMIN A
26
CONS OF CORN
LOWEST QUALITY OF PROTEIN LOW IN LYSINE AND TRYPTOPHAN CAREFUL MANAGEMENT MOLD TOXICTY- FUSARIUM MONILIFORM
27
OATS
SAFER DUE TO HIGH PROTEIN BETTER QUALITY AND QUANTITY MORE EXPENSIVE INCONSISTENT QUALITY
28
RICE BRAN
HIGH FAT BYPRODUCT BEST FOR HARDKEEPERS ENDOCRINE DISEASE GASTRIC ULCERS PSSM
29
MOLASSES
VERY PALATABLE LOWERS DUST HIGH CA CONTENT DIETARY ENERGY
30
SOYBEAN MEAL
MOST COMMON PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT IN HORSES | HIGH IN LYSINE AND TRYPTOPHAN
31
FAT
2X ENERGY OF CORN DECREASE IN TOTAL FEED INTAKE PREVENTS OVEREATING MORE THAT 2-5% BODY WEIGHT PER DAY 1. CORNOIL 2. CANOLA OIL 3. FLAX OIL
32
ENERGY REQUIREMENT
2-2.5% BODY WEIGHT PER DAY
33
MAINTENANCE
16.4 MCAL PER DAY
34
DE(MCAL)
=0.03XBW+1.4
35
COMPLETE FEEDS
``` INCREASE INTAKE DECREASE WASTE CAN BE FED AS ENTIRE DIET CAN CAUSE CHOKE COSTLY ```
36
MIXED/TENURED FEED
ANIMAL NEED TO BE SUPPLIED ROUGHAGE NEED VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENT EASY TO CREATE UNBALANCED DIET
37
FACTORS THAT EFFECT MAINTENANCE DIET
ACTIVITY- RACING, RETIRED, RESTLESS PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE- HEALTHY, DISEASED, PREGNANT/LACTATION THERMAL STRESS
38
LOW INTENSITY
M+25% MAINT
39
MODERATE
M+50%MAINT
40
HIGH INTESITY
M+75% MAINT
41
ULTRA HIGH INTENSITY
M+100%MAINT
42
BREEDING STALLIONS
MAINT +25%MAINT
43
WHAT IS THE PROTEIN REQT IN 1ST TRIMESTER AND 2ND TRIMESTER
8-10% | 12-16%
44
DAILY ENERGY REQT IN GESTATING MARES 9MOS 10MOS 11MOS
M+10% M+13% M+20%
45
LACTATION DE
M+44%
46
WHAT IS FIRST LIMITING AA
LYSINE
47
WHAT IS THE IDEAL CA TO P RATIO
2:1
48
IT CAN TAKE ___ TO ADJUST TO USING FAT AS ENERGY SOURCE
2-3MOS
49
I CUP OIL =
3-4 CONCENTRATE FEED | 5-10# OF HAY
50
WHY USE A SALT BLOCK MINERAL SUPPLEMENT
NA CL K MG LOST IN SWEAT
51
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AGED HORSES
VERY PALATABLE, EASILY DIGESTIBLE, EASILY MASTICATED, REMOVE COMPETITION
52
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STARVED HORSES/EXTREME EMACIATION
USE PROTEIN AS ENERGY AVOID IMMEDIATE INTRO TO HIGH QUALITY INTRODUCE AT 50-70% MAINT ROUGHAGE ONLY-ALFALFA
53
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EQUINE METABOLIC SYNDROME
LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX LATE CUT HAY NO GRASS PASTURE EXERCISE
54
COMPETITION CAN LEAD TO
``` ESOPHOGEAL OBSTRUCTION DSYPHAGIA FEED/SALIVA FROM NOSE GAGGING REPEATED ATTEMPTS TO SWALLOW ``` TX WITH NASOGASTRIC TUBE +/- LAVAGE
55
ENAMEL POINTS
``` MAXILLARY = BUCCAL MANDIBULAR= LINGUAL ```
56
BLISTER BEETLES
MAY-SEPT TOXICOSIS CANTHARIDIN GIT AND KIDNEY DDX VESICULAR STOMATITIS COLITIS DIARRHEA HEMATURIA
57
FESCUE
CONTAMINATION WITH ACREMONIUM =ERGOT DROP IN PROLACTIN AND PROGESTERONE PROBLEM IN LATE GESTATING MARES- PROLONGED PREGNANCY, PREMATURE SEPARATION OF PLACENTA, DYSTOCIA, RETAINED PLACENTA, AGALACTIA
58
RED CLOVER
DROOL WEED INF WITH MOLD RHIZOCTONIA SLAFRAMINE SLOBBER TOXIN INCREASED SALIVATION
59
CONCENTRATED FEED ISSUES
``` GRAIN OVERLOAD IONOPHORE TOXICITY MOLDY CORN POISONING COLIC COLITIS- FLAMM OF LG INT GASTRIC RUPTURE LAMINITIS ```
60
SIGNS OF COLIC
GAS DISTENTION IN HINDGUT LOOKING AT FLANK ROLLING PAWING
61
IONOPHORE TOXICITY
TREMBLING SWEATING CARDIAC ARRHTYMIAS DEATH
62
MOLDY CORN POISONING
LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA BLIND STAGGERS FUSARIUM MONILIORME INCOORDINATION DEPRESSION BLINDNESS SWEATING HEAD PRESSING SEIZURE COMA DEATH
63
FOALS SHOULD SHOULD RECEIVE COLOSTRUM WITHIN
12 HOURS OF BIRTH
64
REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF GRASS/ROUGHAGE
TX FOR EQUINE METABOLIC SYNDROME
65
PITUITARY PARS INTERMEDIA DYSFUNCTION
EQUINE CUSHINGS - PITUITARY ADENOMA | FEED LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX FORAGE DIET SOAK HAY
66
HYPERLIPIDEMIA
PONIES, DONKEYS, MINI HORSES | SUDDEN SEVERE BREAKDOWN OF BODY FAT STORES
67
VARUS
MEDIAL DEVIATION AT CARPAL AND FETLOCK
68
VALGUS
LATERAL DEVIATION
69
OSTEOCHONDROSIS
DISTRUBANCES IN ENDOCHONDRAL DIFFERENTIATION, PROLIFERATION, MATURATION, OSSIFICATION OF FAST GROWING ANIMALS ***DISTAL INTERMEDIATE RIDGE OF TIBIA=HOCK STANDARD BRED AND WARMBLOOD
70
CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MALFORMATION "WOBBLERS"
``` THOROUGHBRED, QUARTERHORSE, MORGAN MORE COMON IN MALES RAPID GROWING ATAXIA , NEURO SIGNS COMPRESSION OF SPINAL CORD WITH NECK EXTENSION ```
71
ORPHAN FOALS
``` GIVE PLASMA IF COLOSTRUM WINDOW MISSED FOAL <2MOS NEED MILK FEED HOURLY 1ST 48HOURS THEN EVERY 2 HRS FOR 2 WEEKS SHOULD GAIN 1-2 KGS PER DAY ```

SG 3 NUTRITION (8 decks)

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