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Eating and Eliminating > Equine Abdomen > Flashcards

Equine Abdomen Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Stomach location in the horse

A

within the intrathoracic part of the abdomen most on the left side (like feline)

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2
Q

Stomach size in liters

A

5-15 L

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3
Q

Name the part of the left part of the stomach related the the base of the spleen

A

saccus cecus

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4
Q

Where is the glandular and non-glandular part of the stomach

A

Non-glandular: fundus and cardia
Glandular: pyloric region

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5
Q

Name the line between the glandular and non-glandular portions

A

margo plicatus

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6
Q

What is unique about the greater omentum in the horse

A

Short
attached the transverse colon

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7
Q

Name the 4 ligaments of the greater omentum

A

Gastrophrenic lig. (cardia to crura of diaphragm)

Gastrosplenic lig.

Phrenicosplenic lig.

Renosplenic lig.

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8
Q

Name the ligaments of the lesser omentum

A

Hepatogastric lig + Hepatoduodenal lig.

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9
Q

What makes up the suspensory lig of the spleen

A

Renosplenic (nephrosplenic) lig and phrenicosplenic lig

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10
Q

True or false: the spleen can be palpated per rectum

A

true (only the caudal base)

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11
Q
A

1) dorsal border
2) renal surface
3) phrenicosplenic lig
4) splenic artery and vein
5) gastric surface
6) gastrosplenic lig (greater omentum)
7) cranial border
8) caudal border
9) intestinal surface
10) renosplenic (nephorsplenic lig)

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12
Q

What is the space formed by the left kidney and the dorsal edge of the spleen
Name its clin sig

A

renosplenic/nephrosplenic space

nephrosplenic ligament entrapment (NSLE) of the left colon (dorsal and ventral)

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13
Q

Name species differences for equine liver

A

no gall bladder
no papillary process
right lobe is not divided

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14
Q
A

1) Caudate process
2) Right lobe
3) Quadrate lobe (with fissured border)
4) falciform and round ligament
5) Left lateral lobe
6) Left medial lobe
7) left lateral lobe

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15
Q

Where is the liver located and why is it difficult to obtain a biopsy

A

Entirely within the thoracic cage mostly on the right
completely overlapped by the lung
Dorsal to right dorsal colon

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16
Q

What clinical condition can occur due to the liver’s location

A

Pressure atrophy of the Rt. liver lobe: due to repeated episodes of impaction in the rt. dorsal colon.

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17
Q

What/Where is the epiploic foramen

A

small, natural, slit-like opening that act as a potential space of communication between the peritoneal cavity and the omental bursa in the right cranial abdomen

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18
Q

Clin sig of epiploic foramen

A

Antegrade incarceration: more common, jejunum enters omental bursa via epiploic foramen (right to left)

Retrograde incarceration: jejunum pushed greater omentum in front of it through the epiploic foramen and comes out the right side (left to right)

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19
Q

What structures close to the epiploic formamen are a major concern in incarceration tx

A

Portal vein and caudal vena cava

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20
Q

Describe the pancreas position

A

primarily positioned to the right

sublumbar, caudal to the stomach & liver

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21
Q

What is a unique feature of the pancreas

A

pancreatic ring (body of pancreas is completely surrounds the portal vein)

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22
Q

describe the duodenal papilla in the horse

A

Major and minor are opposite to eachother

major: has bile and pancreatic duct
minor: has accessory pancreatic duct

note: even though there is no gall bladder there is still and bile duct

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23
Q

Name the cavity where the bile and pancreatic duct empty into in the major duodenal papilla

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

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24
Q

Name unique feature of the cranial duodenum

A

duodenal ampulla and sigmoid loop

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25
name mesenteric attachment of the cranial part of the duodenum
hepatoduodenal lig
26
name mesenteric attachment of the descending duodenum
mesoduodenum (which contains right lobe of pancreas)
27
name mesenteric attachment of the caudal duodenal flexure/transverse duodenum
Surrounds the cr. Mesenteric a. caudally. - Cecoduodenal lig. (cecum) - Renoduodenal lig. (Rt. Kidney)
28
name mesenteric attachment of the ascending duodenum
Duodenocolic fold ( attach to transverse colon & desc. colon)
29
Does the duodenum have a constant or inconstant position and why
Has a constant position because of several attachments and short mesentery
30
Name 9-11
9) pyloric region 10) duodenal ampulla 11) cranial duodenal flexure
31
Where is the jejunum located
left dorsal abdomen
32
Name clinical conditions associated with the jejunum and ileum
Volvulus Intussusception Entrapment & incarceration into: the epiploic foramen or tunica vaginalis.
33
Where does the ileum enter into
medial surface of base of cecum at ileoCECAL opening (vs ileocolic opening in carnivores)
34
What is seen intraluminally at the ileocecal opening and what does it do
ileal papilla: annular folds of mucous membrane which contains a network of veins. When these veins are engorged with blood, the ileal opening is narrowed and act as functional vascular sphincter along with the contribution of the circular layer of muscularis externa.
35
Clin sig of ileocecal opening
Site of intussussception
36
1) Ileocecal orifice (surrounded by ileal papilla) 2. cecocolic orifice 3. body of cecum 4. right ventral colon.
37
Describe the cecum base position (base, body and apex)
Base - partly in RIGHT paralumbar fossa - partially covered by ribs - the ileum enters & RVC leaves
38
Describe the cecum body position
Body - found one hands-width caudal to costal arch sinks within the abdomen to lie on the floor between the ventral parts of ascending colon.
39
Describe the cecum apex position
Apex -lies on body floor one hands-width caudal to xiphoid process
40
What can be used as a guide for where the right dorsal and right ventral colon separate
costal arch
41
Describe how the cecocolic orifice closes
no muscular cecal sphincter at ceco-colic orifice but there is cecocolic valve formed by two mucosal folds.
42
Where does the cecum enter into
right ventral colon
43
Clin sig of cecocolic opening
site of cecal impact
44
Clin condition associated with the cecum
Sand impaction/sand colic
45
What does the cecocolic fold attach and clin sig
cecum to right ventral colon - used to gently pull out the cecum during surgery
46
What is attached to the dorsal band/taenia of the cecum
ileocecal fold
47
What is attached to the lateral band/taenia of the cecum
ceco-colic fold with the lateral band of the RVC.
48
What is attached to the medial band/taenia of the cecum
nothing
49
What is attached to the ventral band/taenia of the cecum
nothing The ventral band is palpable during rectal examination - it lacks vessels, fat, lymph nodes or peritoneal attachments
50
What structure lies lateral to the base of the cecum and should be avoided in trocarisation
descending duodenum
51
Describe the fixation of the ascending colon and clin sig
Asc colon is NOT FIXED EXCEPT its beginning (at the base of cecum) & its end (transverse colon) but the ventral & dorsal colons are connected by short intercolic lig. (ascending mesocolon) acts like a piston to help with respiration while running
52
Where is the ascending colon in relation to the root of the mesentery
to the right
53
List the parts of the ascending colon in order
Rt. Vent colon, sternal f., lt. vent. C., pelvic f., lt. Dorsal c., Diaph. f., rt. Dorsal colon
54
describe transverse colon fixation
-Tightly bound to dorsal body wall by the transverse mesocolon - Fixed with asc. duod by the duodenocolic fold
55
Where is the transverse colon located compared to cr mesenteric a and root of mesentery
cranial to it
56
How can you visually distinguish the ventral from dorsal parts of the large colon
ventral is more sacculated dorsal is smoother
57
List the potential points of obstruction and why
at diameter changes and flexures ileocecal opening cecocolic opening pelvic flexure sternal flexure Where right dorsal enters transverse colon
58
How to identify descending colon
sacculation (fecal ball appearance) long descending mesocolon (do not confuse with mesojejunum - no jejunal arches, lymph nodes close to colon)
59
What cranial mesenteric artery is not present in equine
antimesenteric br of the cecal artery
60
What does the colic branch artery supply
ascending colon NEAR CECUM (right and left ventral colon)
61
What does the right colic artery supply
asc. colon AWAY FROM CECUM (right and left dorsal colon up to pelvic flexure)
62
1) colic br of ileocolic artery 2) right colic artery 3) middle colic artery 4) cranial mesenteric artery 5) ileocolic artery 6) lateral cecal artery 7) medial cecal artery
63
What is equine verminous arteritis
Srongylus vulgaris larvae - migrate from the intestine to cranial mesenteric A. → aneurysms, thrombosis & blocking blood supply to a portion of the small intestine or cecum → necrosis.
64
What structures can be felt by rectal palpation
spleen small intestine pelvic flexure cecal palpation aorta
65
What type of kidneys do horses have
similar to carnivores- smooth unipapillary
66
What is unique to equine kidneys
terminal recesses- collect urine from psuedopapillae mucus glands: in the renal pelvis & proximal ureters, mucous secretions make urine Cloudy, frothy and turbid which is NORMAL in equine.
67
list 1-8
1) renal cortex 2) renal medulla 3) ureter 4) renal pelvis 5) terminal recess 6) papillary ducts 7) renal artery 8) interlobar arteries

Eating and Eliminating (9 decks)

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