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Eating and Eliminating > Head 2 (muscles) > Flashcards

Head 2 (muscles) Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q
A

1) Zygomaticus
2) Levator nasolabialis
3) Orbicularis oris
4) Cutaneous facei
5) Cutaneous colli
6) Platysma

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2
Q

Buccinator insertions and action

A

Attaches to the mandible & maxilla @ the alveolar margins of the teeth.

It draws cheeks inward against teeth as in suckling and whistling.
Supports cheek and helps keep food in the oral cavity (even though not technically muscle of mastication), but if injured then food will pool in the cheeks/oral vestibule

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3
Q

Levator nasolabialis action

A

Dilate nostril and elevate upper lip

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4
Q

Orbicularis oris fiber orientation and action

A

fibers run longitudinally
around the mouth opening.

It draws the lips together into “O” shape (“muscle of kissing”)

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5
Q

Name the two components of the platysma

A

Cutaneous facei
Cutaneous colli

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6
Q

Name where the levator labii superioris originates and where it inserts

A

originate @ Infraorbital foramen → upper lip & nostril

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7
Q
A

1) Zygomaticus
2) Levator nasolabialis
3) Levator labii superioris
4) caninus
5) orbicularis oris
6) Buccinator

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8
Q
A

1) Buccinator
2) Caninus
3) Levator labii superioris
4) levator nasolabialis
5) zygomaticus

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9
Q

Caninus muscle action in dog and horse

A

Dog = snarling (show canines)

Horse: Flaring/dilation of nostrils

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10
Q
A

1) Levator nasolabialis
2) Caninus
3) Levator labii superioris
4) Orbicular oris
5) Buccinator
6) Zygomaticus
7) Depressor labii inferioris

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11
Q

Clin sig of levator nasolabialis

A

Muscle flaps used to close maxillary sinus defects

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12
Q
A

1) levator nasolabialis
2) levaotor labii superioris
3) orbicularis oris
4) buccinator

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13
Q
A

1) Levator nasolabialis
2) levator labii superioris
3) caninus
4) depressor labii superioris
5) orbicularis oris
6) buccinator

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14
Q

Clin sig of levator labii superioris (maxillaris) m

A

Covers the IOF. (push it dorsally to palpate the for. & block the infraorbital n).

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15
Q

Levator labii superoris species difference in pig and horse

A

In equine: the 2 tendons join → aponeurosis → upper lip. Important in eating (horses) Lips are the 1ry organs for food prehension in horse (the tongue in case of ox)

It is important in rooting activity (pigs) as it moves the rostrum or snout (the muscle
is attached to the os rostri)

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16
Q

Which muscles close the mouth

A

Masseter, temporalis, pterygoid (medial and lateral)

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17
Q

Which muscle(s) opens the mouth

A

Digastricus (rostral and caudal belly)
occipitomandibularis in horses only

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18
Q

Describe innervation for muscles of facial expression

A

all by CN 7 (facial)

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19
Q

Describe innervation for muscles of mastication

A

Mandibular br of trigeminal nerve (5)

Note: caudal belly of digastricus supplied by facial (7)

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20
Q
A

1) Temporalis
2) Masseter
3) Digastricus
4) Pterygoids

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21
Q

Describe the location of the masseter m

A

Palpable subcutaneously, ventral to zygomatic arch, cranial to parotid sg and caudal to facial v.

From zygomatic arch to lateral ramus of mandible

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22
Q

Name this muscle

A

Masseter m

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23
Q

Clin sig of masseter muscle

A

Due to thick fascia –> can be a cause of compartment syndrome

Atrophy can be a sign of CN5 disease

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24
Q

Which is the largest masticastory muscle in carnivores

A

Temporalis m

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25
Name the location and origin/insertion of the temporalis m
* It fills the temporal fossa and gives the area the rounded appearance. Origin (1): from bones of temporal fossa Insertion (2) : the coronoid process of mandible
26
Clin sig of temporalis m
Can be used to fill in defect left by removing an eyeball (cosmetic sx) by transpositioning a muscle flap to cover the orbit Can be done because the cr and ca parts have their own blood and nerve supply
27
Name this muscle
Temporalis m
28
Clin sig of digastricus m
If Paralyzed → jaw being locked in a closed-mouth position.
29
Species difference of digastricus m
* in carnivores it has no 2 visible bellies Horses have a "third" part called occipitomandibularis m
30
What muscle is this
Digastricus m 1) rostral belly 2) Fibrous intersection 3) Caudal belly 4) Digastricus
31
1) Rostal belly of digastricus 2) intermediate tendon 3) caudal belly of digastricus 4) occipitomandibularis (unique to horses)
32
Pterygoid origin and insertions
Origin: pterygopalatine fossa Insertion: * The medial → angular process of the mandible * The lateral → pterygoid fovea
33
Pterygoid action
Assists masseter in closing mouth and horizontal/lateral chewing
34
35
Name this muscle
Pterygoid muscle 1) lateral pterygoid 2) medial petrygoid 3) medial pterygoid 4) lateral petygoid
36
Describe tongue innervation
Hypoglossal (CN 12) innervates all muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic)
37
Describe the intrinsic tongue muscles
Longitudinal, vertical & transverse muscle bundles intermixed with fat This fat is very resistant to mobilization in starvation when contract stiffens the tongue
38
Name the extrinsic tongue muscles
Hyoglossus Genioglossus Styloglossus
39
Where does the hyoglossus attach and what is its action
Basihyoid bone → tongue - Draws tongue caudally
40
Where does the genioglossus attach and what is its action
Chin to tongue - Draws tongue rostrally and ventrally
41
Where does the styloglossus attach and what is its action
- Stylohyoid bone to tongue - Draws tongue caudodorsally
42
1) Hyoglossus 2) genioglossus 3) Styloglossus
43
List the muscles of the soft palate
Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini palatinus (intrinsic m of the soft palate)
44
1) tensor veli palatini 2) levator veli palatini 3) palatinus
45
Tensor veli palatini action and innervation
Depress Mandibular n.(V3)
46
Levator veli palatini action and innervation
Elevate IX,X
47
Palatinus action and innervation
Shorten IX,X
48
List the hyoid muscles
(...hyoideus) Sterno Genio Mylo Stylo Thyro Omo (horse)
49
1) geniohyoidus 2) Mylohyoideus
50
What innervates the mylohyoid m
Mylohyoid nerve of CNV3
51
What innervates the geniohyoideus
CN 12
52
Describe the sternohyoideus physical characteristic
Strap like (on ventral aspect of trachea) - Longest hyoid M. (from manubrium to basihyoid -
53
Sternohyoideus action and innervation
Draws the tongue caudally - Cervical spinal nerves & XII
54
Thryohyoideus origin and insertion
From lamina of thyroid cartilage to thyrohyoid bone
55
Thyrohyoideus action and innervation
retracts hyoid apparatus & tongue - Nerve XII
56
1) Sternohyoideus 2) Thyrohyoideus
57
Describe the boundaries of the oropharynx
from palatoglossal arches- to base of the epiglottis. * The root of the tongue is the ventral boundary.
58
Describe the nasopharyngeal opening
auditory “Eustachian” tube - Connects nasopharynx to middle ear - In the horse, it is guarded by salpingeopharyngeal fold and leads to the guttural pouch (GP) - Tubal tonsil surround the opening.
59
What marks the junction of laryngopharynx and esophagus
Pharyngoesophageal limen
60
Pharyngoesophageal limen
61
List the rostral pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Pterygopharyngeus palatopharyngeus
62
List the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles
hyopharyngeus
63
List the caudal pharyngeal constructor muscles
Thyropharyngeus Cricopharyngeus
64
List the dilator pharyngeal muscle
Stylopharyngeus
65
1) Pterygopharygeus 2) Stylopharyngeus 3) Cricopharyngeus 4) Median raphe
66
Where do all pharyngeal muscles insert?
pharyngeal raohe
67
List where the pharyngeal muscles originiate
Pterygopharyngeus (from pterygoid bone) Palatopharyngeus (from aponeurosis of soft palate) Hyopharyngeus (from hyoid bone) Thyropharyngeus (from thyroid cartilage) Cricopharyngeus ( from cricoid cartilage) stylopharyngeus (styloid bone)
68
What orientation are the fibers in the rostral pharyngeal muscles
longitudinal
69
What orientation are the fibers in the caudal pharyngeal muscles
circular
70
What innervates the pharyngeal muscles
CN 9 (stylopharyngeus) and 10
71
1) Tensor veli palatini 2) Levator veli palatini 3) Pterygopharyngeus 4) Palatopharyngeus
72
1) Pterygopharyngeus 2) Stylopharyngeus caudalis 3) Hyopharyngeus 4) Thyropharyngeus 5) Cricopharyngeus
73
cricopharyngeus clinical significance
Should remain contracted to prevent reflux of food unless swallowing Not contracting can lead to esophageal reflux Tonic contraction or dysfunction of this muscle can lead to dysphagia. This is called Cricopharyngeal Achalasia
74
List the lymph nodes of the head
parotid ln mandibular ln lateral retropharyngeal ln medial retropharyngeal ln
75
Describe location of parotid ln
Rostral to or embedded in the parotid SG.
76
Describe location of mandibular ln
Rostral to mandibular SG., near the linguofacial V. In the horse, in the intermandibular space
77
Describe the location of the lateral retropharyngeal ln and species differences
constant in cats (inconstant in dogs) - caudal to & covered by parotid SG. & caudal to tubus auris
78
Clin sig of medial retropharyngeal ln
collecting center of the head in the cat, dog and horse all other head lnn drain here In ruminants it is the lateral one that is the main ln
79
describe the location of the medial retropharyngeal ln and what important structures are nearby
medial to mandibular SG. - ventromedial to wing of atlas (ventral to longus colli m.) - related to: - The terminal part of common carotid a. - The dorsolateral aspect of the pharynx
80
1) parotid ln 2) mandibular ln 3) lateral retropharyngeal ln 4) medial retropharyngeal ln
81
What does the parotid ln drain
* Superficial structures of dorsal head (dorsal to palate) and ear
82
What does the mandibular ln drain
Drain superficial and deep structures of ventral head.
83
What does the retropharyngeal ln (medial and lateral) drain
Deep structures of the head (tongue, larynx, pharynx) and other lnn of head
84
Clin sig of mandibular and retropharyngeal ln in horses
Mandibular: V shape in intermandibular space Palapable in strangles retropharyngeal: on medial and caudal aspect of guttural pouches In diseases such as ‘strangles’, these nodes enlarge & cause dyspnea and/or dysphagia
85
Clin sig of medial retropharyngeal ln in ruminants
Enlarged medial retropharyngeal lnn. can compress nasopharynx and cause airway obstruction
86
Where are lingual tonsils found
Glossoepiglotic fold
87
Where are tonsils of the soft palate foudn
ventral surfa ce of soft palate
88
clin sig of tonsils of the soft palate
is clinically significant in the pig (the soft palate is collected at slaughter to monitor for Classic Swine Fever, “Hog Cholera”).
89
Where is the palatine tonsil found
on floor of oropharynx lateral to the median glossoepiglottic fold & extends to base of epiglottis.
90
Species differences with location of palatine tonsil
Lie within tonsillar sinus covered by semilunar fold, lie within tonsillar fossa in ruminants Indistinct in horse, but clear in young foals. Note: NOT the palatine sinus (this is the sinus in ruminant skulls)
91
How many parathyroid glands in the thyroid
Each lobe of the thyroid gland is associated with one external (superior) and one internal (inferior) parathyroid gland in dogs. two per thyroid lobe (four total)
92
Thyroid species differences
Pig has one mass not a right and left lobe
93
What connects the thyroid lobes
isthmus on ventral side (either glandular or fibrous)
94
Where is the thyroid located
Lies dorsolateral on the trachea just caudal to the larynx
95
Thyroid and parathyroid clin sig
The thyroid lobes are loosely connected to the trachea by fascia - in case of thyroid tumor, the gland may gravitate towards the lower neck. The parathyroids are important organs. If the thyroid lobes were to be removed, the external parathyroids may be retained in-situ, because they have distinct separate blood supply. In case blood supply is compromised, the parathyroid gland can be sliced into small bits & injected subcutaneously, & the gland will function normally.

Eating and Eliminating (9 decks)

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