Equine Anesthesia: Janet

Question 1

Equine TPR

Answer 1

99-101
30-40bpm
10-20rpm

Question 2

What abnormal heart rhythm is common is horses & what is the treatment?

Answer 2

2nd degree heart block

Atropine

Question 3

What drug can improve gut motility in horses?

Answer 3

Lidocaine CRI

Question 4

Horses MM are normally

Answer 4

Pale pink

Question 5

Sedation and standing chemical restraint benefits

Answer 5

Horse remains standing (5 point stance)
Less risk of injury
Less time consuming

Question 6

Which type of anesthesia is used for diagnostic and minor surgical procedures?

Answer 6

Sedation & standing chemical restraint

Question 7

Which drug for standing chemical restraint is not recommended?

Answer 7

Acepromazine (phenothiazine tranquilizer)

• Vasodilation
• Penile prolapse

Question 8

Two Alpha-2s that are used for standing chemical restraint?

Answer 8

Xylazine & Detomidine

Question 9

What makes Detomidine the better choice for chemical restraint?

Answer 9

Longer duration
More potent
Less ataxia

Question 10

How long should food be withheld before PA?

Answer 10

8-12 hours

• reduces gas production & weight in intestines
• less impairment of diaphragm/ventilation

Question 11

What should done during the PA phase?

Answer 11

Withhold food
Place IVC catheter 
Give fluids 
Groom 
Rinse mouth

Question 12

What size IVC catheter is placed?

Answer 12

14ga 5”

Left jugular vein

Question 13

What is the surgical fluid rate in horses?

Answer 13

10mls/kg/hr

Question 14

What is different about giving fluids in horses?

Answer 14

No drip rate needed, fluids are wide open and a pressure infusion bag is used.

Question 15

What is done during the grooming phase and why?

Answer 15

Brush- to keep dirt & mud out of surgical suite
Pick hooves & remove shoes- prevents injury
Rise mouth- removes hay so it wont be pushed into trachea

Question 16

What is the most common PA drug used for horses?

Answer 16

Benzodiazepine tranquilizers

-calms, decreases anxiety, muscle relaxation, anti-seizure properties

Question 17

Benzodiazepine tranquilizers are commonly used with ____ for induction.

Answer 17

Ketamine

Question 18

Anticholinergics are not commonly used in horses due to ____, but can be used during surgery to treat ____.

Answer 18

Decreased GI motility

2nd degree heart block or bradycardia

Question 19

What are benzodiazepines reversed with?

Answer 19

Flumazinil

Question 20

2 PA Sedatives (Alpha-2 agonists)

More ____, longer ____, less likely to cause ____.

Answer 20

Xylazine & Detomidine
Potent
Duration
Ataxia

Question 21

What are 3 effects of Alpha-2 agonists?

Answer 21

Sedation
Analgesia
Muscle Relaxation

Question 22

What are 3 side effects of Alpha-2’s

Answer 22

Bradycardia
Decreased CO
AV blocks

Question 23

Most common opioid used in large animal & duration

Answer 23

Burtorphanol (torbugesic)

3-4hours

Question 24

What is the most common recipe of equine IV anesthesia?

Why?

Answer 24

GKX or "Triple Drip"
Guaifenesin
Ketamine
Xylazine 
This combo provides sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation and unconsciousness

Question 25

The equine anesthesia machine is different in that everything is ____ and a ____ is usually used instead of the res. bag

Answer 25

Bigger | Mechanical ventilator

Question 26

What is the average ET tube size in large animal anesthesia?

Answer 26

26mm 14mm for foals 30mm for draft horses

Question 27

Horses are intubated in ____ recumbency and it is a ____ intubation.

Answer 27

Lateral | Blind

Question 28

What is the most common arrhythmia seen in LA anesthesia?

Answer 28

2nd degree heart block --treat with atropine if bradycardic

Question 29

____ is VERY important during LA anesthesia so a ____ is used to monitor

Answer 29

Blood pressure | Direct arterial catheter

Question 30

What arteries are used for the direct arterial catheter?

Answer 30

Transverse Submandibular Metatarsal (choice depends on recumbency)

Question 31

MAP & Systolic BP readings in LA anesthesia

Answer 31

``` MAP= >70mmHg Systolic= >90mmHg ```

Question 32

Equine recovery steps

Answer 32

Quiet, well padded room Free or assisted recovery-- use ropes Leave ET tube in as long as possible

Question 33

____ is very common in horses during recovery due to ____. Intervention?

Answer 33

Hypoxia airway obstruction Hook up to oxygen