Equine Dental Surgery

Question 1

What are some ways that dental problems in horses can present?

Answer 1

1) weight loss
2) constipation (cold water)
3) Poor performance
4) Head shaking
5) lameness (back pain)

Question 2

T/F: the first premolar is not always evident in horses?

Answer 2

True

-it is rudimentary

Question 3

What is the curve of Spee?

Answer 3

The surface of the cheek teeth are not level all the way to the back of the mouth:
-slopes up

Question 4

T/F: the mandible is more narrow than the maxillary region

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

T/F: the curve of Spee gets more accentuated the older the horse gets

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Are new born foals born with INCISORS?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

At what age does the first incisor appear in FOALs?

Answer 7

6 days

Question 8

At what age does the second INCISOR appear?

Answer 8

6 weeks

Question 9

At what age does the Third incisor appear?

Answer 9

6 months

Question 10

Are foals born with PRemolars?

Answer 10

YES

Question 11

Are foals born with MOLARS?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

The FIRST MOLAR appears at what age in Horses?

Answer 12

1 year

Question 13

At what age does the SECOND MOLAR appear in FOALS?

Answer 13

2 years

Question 14

At what age does the THRID MOLAR appear?

Answer 14

3 years

Question 15

T/F: foals are born with PRemolars

Answer 15

TRUE
-these are baby teeth (rudimentary)

The second premolars are replaced at 2 years

The third premolars are replaced at 3 years

The fourth premolars are replaced at 4 years

Question 16

At what age does the First incisor get replaced?

Answer 16

2.5 years

Question 17

At what age does the second incisor get replaced?

Answer 17

3.5 years

Question 18

At what age does the third incisor get replaced?

Answer 18

4.5 years

Question 19

Which teeth have cups?

Answer 19

The incisors

• each cup is 6mm deep
• 2mm of cup is worn off per year

Question 20

How much cup is worn of per year?

Answer 20

2mm/year

Question 21

How deep are equine incisor cups?

Answer 21

6mm

Question 22

The cup is gone in the first INCISOR at which age?

Answer 22

Gone in 6 years

Question 23

The cup is gone in the second INCISOR at which age?

Answer 23

7 years

Question 24

The cup is gone in the third INCISOR at which age?

Answer 24

8 years

Question 25

How often do we recommend a dental exam in horses?

Answer 25

Once / year

Question 26

T/F: enamel points are at Buffalo side of maxillary teeth and lingual edge of mandibular teeth

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

Where are the enamel points in maxillary teeth?

Answer 27

Buccaneers

Question 28

Where are the enamel points in the mandibular teeth?

Answer 28

Lingual edge

Question 29

Enamel points that cause tongue laceration suggest what?

Answer 29

Mandibular enamel points | -require floating

Question 30

What do you use to open the horses mouth for floating?

Answer 30

Speculum

Question 31

What is Swale’s mouth gag?

Answer 31

Equine speculum by Schoupe | -used to open the mouth during floatation

Question 32

What is a Haussmann mouth gag?

Answer 32

A speculum used to float teeth in a horses | -has a ratchet

Question 33

How would you float the Lower right arcade?

Answer 33

Cranially

Question 34

How would you float the maxillary teeth?

Answer 34

Caudally

Question 35

What is a hook?

Answer 35

Sharp edge at the 2nd premolar of the maxillary arcade

Question 36

What is a ramp?

Answer 36

Caudal edge - 3rd molar - mandibular arcade

Question 37

What is the wolf tooth?

Answer 37

Rudimentary 1st premolar | -not always present

Question 38

What is Sheer mouth?

Answer 38

Extreme form of enamel points - teeth become scissors CS: -atrophy masseter muscle

Question 39

Do you want to correct sheer mouth straight away?

Answer 39

No | -took a long time to develop, get rid of it slowly

Question 40

You see a 3 year old horse with bumps/unilateral/bilateral. What is this and how do you treat it?

Answer 40

Retained deciduous premolars (retained caps) | -crow bar them out

Question 41

Which tooth tends to have problems and why?

Answer 41

- 4th premolar | - last check to erupt (crowding)

Question 42

What diagnostic tool is really good for examining the nasal cavity?

Answer 42

ENDOSCOPY

Question 43

Define Extraction

Answer 43

Removal of cheek teeth | -Standing anesthesia

Question 44

Define Repulsion?

Answer 44

Removal of cheetah teeth under GA - trphination - sinusotomy (bone flap) - Buccotomy

Question 45

What instruments are required for STANDING tooth removal

Answer 45

1) long handled molar forceps 2) Molar cutters (too cutters) 3) fulcrum 4) tooth pick

Question 46

What is the Diastemata?

Answer 46

natural gap between teeth

Question 47

What do you filled the alveolus with post tooth extraction?

Answer 47

PMMA - leave for 1 week - remove

Question 48

T/F: post trephination for tooth extraction, the site is left open for drainage

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

What is a Dentigerous cyst?

Answer 49

- congenital anomaly - swelling at base of ear - contains dental elements - TD: complete surgical excision - Px: EXCELLENT