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EXAM 3 FINAL > Equine Female Urogenital Surgery > Flashcards

Equine Female Urogenital Surgery Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What is Episioplasty ?

A

Correction of a hooded vagina

1) Caslick’s procedure
2) Perineal body reconstruction
3) Perineal body transection

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2
Q

What is another name for Caslikcs operation?

A
  • Vulvoplasty

- episoplasty

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3
Q

What operation should be performed for Pneumovagina?

A

Caslick’s (vulvoplasty)

-prevent aspiration of air into vagina

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4
Q

What are the causes of Pneumovagina?

A
  • Poor conformation

- injury

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5
Q

Why do we perform episioplasties?

A

Prevent:

  • vaginitis
  • Cervicitis
  • Metritis
  • infertility
  • Noise production
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6
Q

What preparation for episioplasty should be done in a mare?

A
  • standing (stocks)
  • manual removal of feces
  • sedation
  • bandage tail
  • scrub + disinfect
  • local anesthetic infiltration (dorsal 1/3, between mucosa and skin)
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7
Q

What suture pattern should be used for an episoplasty?

A

Vertical mattress

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8
Q

What aftercare should be considered for vulvoplasty?

A

Episiotomy (reopening of vulvoplasty BEFORE foaling

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9
Q

What is a breeders stitch ?

A

-reminder to do episiotomy

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10
Q

What are the indications for a Perineal body reconstruction?

A

1) ineffective vulvar + vestibular seal
2) failed Caslick’s procedure
3) recto-vestibular injuries

  • removal of a triangular piece of mucosa (vestibulum)
  • incision mucocutaneous junction of labium
  • retract and suture cranially towards yourself
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11
Q

What suture pattern is used for Perineal body reconstruction?

A

-Deep horizontal mattress sutures

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12
Q

What aftercare must be considered for perineal body reconstruction?

A
  • 4-6 weeks sexual rest

- Episiotomy at Foaling

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13
Q

When is Perineal body transaction indicated?

A
  • Forward sloping of vulva

- no decrease in vulvar and vestibular openings

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14
Q

What closure can be done for Perineal body transaction?

A

1) suture

2) second intention healing

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15
Q

What is Urovagina?

A
  • Unwind pooling

- Vesicovaginal reflux (VVR)

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of Urovagina?

A
  • Vaginitis
  • Cervicitis
  • Endometritis
  • Decreased conception rates
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17
Q

What are the causes of Urovagina?

A
  • Ectopic ureter
  • Pneumovagina
  • Excessive closure of Caslick’s
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18
Q

How would you treat Urovagina?

Study These Flashcards
A

1) Caudal relocation of transverse fold (Vaginoplasty)
- cut sliver of transverse fold

2) Caudal urethral extension (urethroplasty)
* elongates the urethra
- Brown
- McKinnon
- Shires
- Monin

19
Q

What is the Shires technique?

Study These Flashcards
A

Urethroplasty (caudal urethral extension)

  • good for older mares
  • horizontal mattresses
  • simple interrupted
20
Q

What are some foaling injuries?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Perineal lacerations
  • Rectovestibular fistula
  • vaginal contusions
  • vaginal rupture
  • cervical lacerations
  • uterine rupture
  • uterine hemorrhage
  • uterine prolapse
  • uterine bladder (eversion, prolapse, rupture
  • GIT injuries
21
Q

What are the 3 degrees of PERINEAL LACERATIONS?

Study These Flashcards
A

First degree:
-Only mucosa, vestibule, vulva

Second degree:
-Mucosa + submucosa

Third degree:
-Perineal body, anal sphincter, floor of rectum

22
Q

What would you treat first degree Perineal laceration?

Study These Flashcards
A

Basically like a hematoma

LEAVE it alone, NSAIDs

23
Q

What would you treat SECOND degree Perineal laceration?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mucosa + Submucosa

Tx: not much to do NSAIDs

24
Q

What would you treat THIRD degree Perineal laceration?

Study These Flashcards
A

Perineal body, anal sphincter, floor of rectum

Tx:

  • local debridement
  • tetanus prophylaxis
  • repair in 4-6 weeks postpartum
  • after weaning
  • diet change (soft feces)
  • standing
  • tracheostomy
25
What are the causes of thrid degree Perineal lacerations?
1) Primiparous mares 2) Fetal malposition 3) nose or foot catches vulvovaginal fold
26
WHy do you not want to suture a THIRD degree perineal laceration straight away?
Make sure you give tetanus but, Delay immediate surgery because: - its blunt trauma so the tissue will slough - want to weight for after weaning
27
What are the 4 basic surgical principles to consider when treating a 3 degrees perineal laceration?
1) minimum tension on suture line 2) branch contact of wound surfaces 3) strong suture material 4) reduce amount of feces
28
What are the 2 ways to repair rectovestibular lacerations (3 degree perineal lacerations)
1) Aanes method - two stage repair 2) Goethe or Vaughan method - Single stage
29
When correcting a rectovestibular laceration via Aanes method, how long in between stages must you wait?
2-3 weeks Then second stage repair
30
What is a rectovestibular fistula?
Laceration of dorsal vestibular into rectum WITHOUT disruption of the perineal body or anal sphincter
31
How would you treat a rectovestibular fistula?
1) if small —> spontaneous closure 2)Surgicallly via: — Rectum — vestibular/ perineal body 3) direct closure of fistula 4) Via third degree laceration
32
Why do you use a continuous suture pattern for rectovestibular fistula repair?
- disperses tension Evenly along suture site | * might need to be done a second or third time
33
When would you perform a UNIlateral ovariectom?
1) Granulosa cell tumor | 2) Ovarian abscesses
34
When would you perform a BIlateral ovariectomy?
1) eliminate estrous | 2) Eliminate nymphomania
35
What should be done preoperatively for an Ovariectomy?
- off feed 12-24hrs pre op - laparoscopy 12-48hrs -rectal palpation (+ US) ——-size ——-adhesions ——-abscessation - Diestrus or anestrus (not an emergency so time it well) - Antibiotics/ Tetanus
36
What approach can be used for an standing ovariectomy?
1) flank 2) colptomy (transvaginal) 3) laparoscopy
37
What approach can be used for GA ovariectomy?
1) flank 2) ventral midline 3) Paramedian 4) laparoscopy
38
What is an ecrseur?
Placed over the ovarian pedicle for ovariectomy | - no ligature
39
What complications can occur with ovariectomy?
- suture dehiscence - post op pain - colitis - laminitis - etc....
40
What are the advantages of laparoscopy vs celiotomy?
- smaller incisions - direct visualization - tension-free ligation - shorter pos op recovery
41
What are the causes for C- section in the mare?
Fetal: - large foal - abdnomal Position, Posture, presentation - deformities Maternal: - old pelvic fractures - cervical stir cures - uterine torsion - uterine rupture
42
In preparation fo C-section: what is the time limit to manually correct the fetus?
15 mins
43
What Closure do you use for C- section in the mare?
2 layer closure - Cushing - Lambert’s

EXAM 3 FINAL (19 decks)

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