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Equine Dentistry Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What are problems associated with dental disease?

A 
Digestive problems
Drooling
Difficult Mastication
Decreased Athletic Performance
Behavioral Problems
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2
Q

What digestive problems are associated with dental disease?

A

Colic
Weight loss
Poor feed use

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3
Q

What are behavioral problems associated with dental disease?

A

Head tossing

Bar chewing

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4
Q

What is quidding?

A

Partially chewed feed spit out

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5
Q

What is the overall description of equine teeth?

A

Hypsodont

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6
Q

What lies beneath the gingival margin?

A

Large reserve crowns

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7
Q

The root structure allows for what?

A

Continual growth or eruption all or most of the animal’s lifetime

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8
Q

The cheek teeth in horses are what?

A

Premolars and molars

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9
Q

What is the function of horse incisors?

A

To shear off grass

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10
Q

What is the function of the cheek teeth?

A

They have wide, flat graveled surfaces that grind the feed before swallowing

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11
Q

How do horses chew?

A

Lateral excursion

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12
Q

What do milk teeth refer to?

A

Deciduous teeth

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13
Q

What are retained deciduous teeth, stuck on top of erupting permanent tooth called?

A

Caps

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14
Q

What is the chewing surface of the tooth called?

A

occlusive tables

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15
Q

What teeth are referred to as Wolf teeth

A

The first premolars

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16
Q

At what age are all permanent teeth erupted?

A

5 years

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17
Q

What is the angle between the lower and upper incisors known as?

A

Incisive arcade

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18
Q

What is the indentation in the occlusive table known as?

A

Cups

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19
Q

What is Galvayne’s groove?

A

The groove at the gum margin on the upper corner incisor

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20
Q

What is a smooth mouth?

A

Cups are absent

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21
Q

What is the dental formula of horses?

A

2x (3/3I, 1/1C, 3 or 4/3P, 3/3M)

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22
Q

What is the total number of teeth horses have?

A

Males have 40 or 42

Females have 36 to 40 teeth

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23
Q

How many teeth does a young horse have?uous teeth

A

24 deciduous teeth

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24
Q

What teeth do young horses have?

A

Milk teeth
12 incisors
12 molars

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25
When does the 1st incisor erupts?
Birth to 1 week
26
When does the 2nd incisor erupt?
4-6 weeks
27
When do the 3rd incisors erupt?
6-9 months
28
When do the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cheek teeth erupt?
birth to the first 2 weeks
29
When do the adult incisors erupt?
1st incisor: 2.5 years 2nd incisor: 3.5 years 3rd incisor: 4.5 years
30
When do the adult canines erupt?
4-5 years
31
When do the adult wolf teeth erupt?
6 to 9 months
32
When do the adult cheek erupt?
``` 1st cheek teeth: 2.5 years 2nd cheek teeth: 3 years 3rd cheek teeth: 4 years 4th cheek teeth: 9-12 months 5th cheek teeth: 2 years 6th cheek teeth: 3.5-4 years ```
33
Do all horses have wolf teeth?
No | 15% of mares and 25% of males
34
The wolf teeth are more commonly found on what?
THe maxilla
35
What teeth are often extracted due to bit contact?
Wolf teeth
36
What teeth are absent or rudimentary in mares?
Canine teeth
37
Males usually have how many permanent canine teeth?
4
38
What are canine teeth sometimes confused as
Wolf teeth
39
Where are the canines located?
The diastema between the incisors and the cheek teeth
40
In young horses, which teeth occupy much of the maxillary sinus?
4th premolar | 1st, 2nd, 3rd molar
41
How much do the adult cheek erupt per year?
2-3mm
42
What is the Triadan numbering system for horses?
``` Incisors = 1,2,3 Canines = 4 Wolf teeth = 5 Premolars = 6,7,8 Molars = 9, 10, 11 ```
43
How can incisors estimate age?
By wear patterns
44
What incisor pattern is common in 5 year olds?
Flattened
45
What is a common pattern for 7-year olds?
7-year hook in the corner maxillary incisor
46
What shape do the incisors change to when the horse is around 9 years old?
Oval
47
What shape do the incisors change to when the horse is between 9 and 15 years old?
Round
48
What shape do the incisors change to when the horse is between 16 and 20 years old?
Triangle
49
The angle of the incisors can indicate age. What angle do they take on when they are young?
Perpendicular
50
What is the angle of the incisors when the horses get older?
Parallel
51
What is a seven year hook?
There is an uneven wear of the upper corner incisor and a projection on its distal aspect
52
What is a dark depression on the cup in the occlusal surface of the incisor
Infundibulum
53
At what age does the cup disappear from the central, middle and corner incisors?
7 years 8 years 9 years
54
What is a transverse dark line that is in front of the enamel spot?
The Dental Star
55
At what age does the dental star arise in the central, middle, and corner incisors?
8 years 9 years 10 years
56
What is another dental feature useful for aging older horses?
Galvayne's groove
57
Where is the Galvayne's Groove located?
The lateral surface of the upper third incisor
58
How old is the horse when the Galvayne's groove has totally disappeared?
30 years old
59
At what age does the Galvayne's groove appear at the gum margin?
9 to 10 years
60
What is one of the most important instruments for a horse mouth examination?
Full mouth speculum (McAllen and McPherson)
61
What is the most common dental procedure performed in horses?
Floating
62
What does floating entail?
The removal of sharp enamel points
63
What is the angling and rounding the profile of both the upper and lower first cheek teeth in order to minimize bit contact with the teeth?
Bit seat
64
Bit seats reduce what?
The amount of cheek and tongue that gets pinched into the teeth by the bit
65
What is a diastema?
Impacted food inbetween the teeth
66
What does EOTRH stand for?
Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis
67
What teeth does EOTRH most commonly affect?
The incisors | Canine teeth can be severely involved
68
What plays a role in the pathology and progression of EOTRH?
Chronic inflammation
69
How is EOTRH diagnoses?
Clinical exam | Intraoral xrays
70
How is EOTRH treated?
Extraction of the affected teeth

Dentistry (65 decks)

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