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X CNT 1 > Equine Imaging > Flashcards

Equine Imaging Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

what are the special considerations that must be made during equine imaging?

A

physical safety

radiation safety

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2
Q

what are the risks associated with physical safety during equine imaging?

A

damage to personnel, equipment and the horse itself

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3
Q

why is the risk of injury higher with equine imaging?

A

radiographs usually performed with the horse conscious and standing

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4
Q

how should physical safety be ensured during equine imaging?

A

sedate unless horse is very sensible
ensure sedation is deep enough to create compliance but not so deep the animal cannot stand up
carry out procedure quickly and quietly

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5
Q

what should be avoided when performing equine imaging?

A

loud noises or sudden movements

touching the horse with x ray equipment or cassettes/holders

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6
Q

what must you always be ready to do when imaging horses?

A

be ready to move x-ray equipment out of the way if the horse moves or kicks

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7
Q

why does equine radiation create bigger radiation concerns than smaller animals?

A

people in room with animal
large exposure values due to thicker tissues
large amount of scattered radiation

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8
Q

how can exposure risk during equine radiography be reduced?

A

minimise number of people around the horse

ensure all involved are wearing protective clothing and dosimeters

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9
Q

how many people should be involved in equine radiology?

A

3 - one at head, one holding plate, one radiographer

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10
Q

what type of primary beam is often used during equine imaging?

A

horizontal

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11
Q

how can radiation safety be ensured when using a horizontal x ray beam?

A

ensure x ray beam is pointing towards a substantial barrier (wall)
ensure no part of a person is in the line of the primary x ray beam

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12
Q

what is the benefit of using cassette holders over having staff hold cassettes?

A

keeps personnel away from x ray beam and reduces risk from scatter

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13
Q

what must be worn when standing close to the primary beam during equine x ray?

A

PPE - lead apron, thyroid protector and gloves

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14
Q

how should the horse be prepared for radiography of the foot?

A

brush off mud
remove shoe (if it will obscure required structure)
pick out hoof
pack frog
mark hoof wall/coronary band/point of frog

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15
Q

why may you want to mark hoof wall/coronary band/point of frog when imaging a hoof?

A

reference points (e.g. if looking for dropped coffin bone)

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16
Q

how many projections are usually taken for lower limb of the equine?

A

4 minimum

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17
Q

how many projections are usually taken for the upper limb of the equine?

A

2

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18
Q

what are the 4 main projections of the lower limb?

Study These Flashcards
A

lateromedial
dorsopalmar/plantar
dorsomedialpalmaro/plantarolateral
dorsolateralpalmaro/plantaromedial

19
Q

what are the projections used for full assessment of the equine foot?

Study These Flashcards
A

lateromedial
dorsopalmar/plantar
60 degree dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique
45 degree palmarproximal-palmarodistal oblique

20
Q

what is imaged during a 60 degree dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique projection of the foot?

Study These Flashcards
A

distal phalanx

navicular bone

21
Q

what is viewed during a 45 degree palmarproximal-palmarodistal oblique projection of the hoof?

Study These Flashcards
A

skyline navicular bone

22
Q

what projections of the fetlock are taken of during imaging?

Study These Flashcards
A

lateromedial
dorsopalmar/plantar
DLPMO
DMPLO

23
Q

how can dorsopalamar/plantar views of the fetlock be made clearer?

Study These Flashcards
A

angle 10 degrees distally to increase separation between joint spaces and sesamoids

24
Q

what projections of the carpus would be taken initially?

Study These Flashcards
A 
standard 4 (LM, DP, DLPMO, DMPLO)
flexed
dorsoproximal - dorsaldistal obliques (skyline)
25
what is the purpose of flexed images of the carpus?
separates radial and intermediate carpal bones | see more of joint surfaces
26
what is the purpose of dorsoproximal - dorsaldistal obliques (skyline) views of the carpus?
shows dorsal surface of each particular bone / row in the carpus
27
what projections of the carpus are usually taken?
4 standard usually adequate
28
what additional projections on top of 4 main ones may be taken of the tarsus (hock)?
flexed views of calcaneus and sustentaculum tali
29
what are the 2 standard projections of the stifle?
lateromedial | caudocranial
30
what should be done during caudocranial projections of the stifle to align with joint?
angle 10-15 degrees down
31
can a cassette holder be used during stifle imaging?
no - must be held
32
what are the common projections for imaging the elbow and shoulder?
mediolateral | craniocaudal both with leg extended
33
what is the most common indication for elbow and shoulder images?
history of trauma and suspected fracture
34
why is it so difficult to image above the shoulder/stifle of a horse?
positioning difficulties scatter risk thickness of tissue
35
how is the thorax imaged in adult horses?
jigsaw of 4 images
36
what are the 4 projections used to image the thorax of an adult horse?
dorsocranial dorsocaudal ventrocranial ventrocaudal
37
how can the thorax of a foal be imaged?
possible to image the entire thorax on one plate
38
how should images of the vertebral column in horse be taken?
in small chunks | markers can be used to ensure no area is missed
39
what are the main indications for imaging of the head?
``` sinuses teeth gutteral pouch trauma assessment TMJs ```
40
what are the standard projections used to image the equine head?
lateral DV oblique
41
what are the issues associated with ultrasound of a horse?
lots of hair, thick skin and dirt make contact difficult and so image quality low big patients - low frequency used so image quality low
42
how should a horse be prepared for ultrasound?
clip if possible scrub (if unable to clip to wet down hair) spirit applied to reduce grease on skin contact gel
43
what are the main areas that are scanned by ultrasound in horses?
MSK | abdomen
44
what is ultrasound of the equine abdomen usually looking at?
colic related - motility, dilation and contents of intestine

X CNT 1 (4 decks)

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