equine immunizations & disease

Question 1

what causes recurrent uveitis in horses

Answer 1

riboflavin deficiency

Question 2

what is ‘scratches’

Answer 2

dermatitis under long fetlock hair, found on horses in mud

Question 3

gravel/abscesses are caused by..

Answer 3

injury to the white line

Question 4

a direct smear of Dermatophilus congolensis from a crusty lesion looks like

Answer 4

long chains of railroad tracks..

Question 5

how is Dermatophilus congolensis stained

Answer 5

diff quick

Question 6

what virus causes the west nile virus

Answer 6

Flavivirus

Question 7

how is the West Nile virus transmitted? what are horses and humans considered?

Answer 7

mosquitos.. humans and horses are ‘dead end’ host

Question 8

what disease? head pressing, limb weakness, dragging hooves.

Answer 8

West Nile virus

Question 9

which herpes virus causes neurologic and respiratory signs? which causes only respiratory

Answer 9

herpes 1 - neurologic/respiratory

herpes 4-respiratory

Question 10

what disease does EHV-1 cause?

Answer 10

rhinopneumonitis

Question 11

when should broodmares be vaccinated against herpes virus 1 and 4

Answer 11

5th, 7th, & 9th month of gestation

Question 12

what does EPM stand for

Answer 12

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

Question 13

how does a horse contract EPM

Answer 13

food and water contamination w/ infected opossum feces

Question 14

what sample should you collect for EPM

Answer 14

CSF or blood

Question 15

what test is used to diagnose EPM?

Answer 15

Western blot test. also, ELISA, RAPID assay, PCR

Question 16

Marquis & Rebalance (ponazuril, sulfadiazine&pyrimethamine) treats what disease?

Answer 16

EPM

Question 17

core vaccines used in horses

Answer 17

tetanus, west nile virus, rabies, eastern/western encephalomyelitis

Question 18

non-core vaccines

Answer 18

anthrax, botulism, herpes, viral arteritis, influenza, potomac horse fever, rotaviral diarrhea, strangles

Question 19

Tetanus CS

Answer 19

protrusion of the third eyelid, stiff gait, grinning appearance.

Question 20

the causative bacteria for tetanus?

Answer 20

clostridium tetani

Question 21

what is caused by genus Alphavirus (Togaviridae)

Answer 21

EWV equine encephalomyelitis

Question 22

treatment of tetanus

Answer 22

tetanus antitoxin and toxoid booster
penicillin/wound cleaning
IV fluids & quiet stall

Question 23

CS of colic

Answer 23

flank watching, sweating, toxic gum line.

Question 24

what procedures should be performed before shipping horse with colic

Answer 24

have colic workup done, place IV catheter, have stomach decompressed, pain relief

Question 25

what is colitis?

Answer 25

inflammation of large colon and cecum

Question 26

what are the causes of colitis

Answer 26

change in feed

Question 27

what disease is caused my myxovirus?

Answer 27

Equine influenza

Question 28

what disease is caused by Neorickettsia risticii

Answer 28

potomac horse fever

Question 29

monocytic ehrlichiosis AKA

Answer 29

potomac horse fever

Question 30

what causes EIA

Answer 30

retrovirus-lentivirus

Question 31

what animals can contract the EIA

Answer 31

horses, mules, donkeys, zebras

Question 32

how do we test for EIA? how often should they be tested?

Answer 32

coggins test, AGID is gold standard. tested annually

Question 33

how does EIA attack the horses body

Answer 33

attacks the immune system. reproduces in WBC, circulates, uses antibodies as disguise to attack RBCs

Question 34

three forms of EIA

Answer 34

acute, chronic, inapparent

Question 35

Recurrent Airway Obstruction AKA

Answer 35

heaves

Question 36

number one cause of laminitis

Answer 36

endocrine disorders

Question 37

what complication is common in 30-40% of the horses that get potomac horse fever

Answer 37

laminitis

Question 38

what is the causative agent for potomac horse fever

Answer 38

Neorickettsia risticii

Question 39

what organs are affected with anterior enteritis

Answer 39

upper small intestine.

Question 40

how is anterior enteritis diagnosed

Answer 40

platinum biosponge

Question 41

what predisposing factor may lead to choke?

Answer 41

strangles and esophageal obstruction

Question 42

what enzyme is lost in the saliva during choke

Answer 42

sorbitol dehydrogenase

Question 43

foal is losing weight, grinding teeth, and wont eat. what disease?

Answer 43

gastric ulcers

Question 44

what treatments are available for gastric ulcer

Answer 44

gastrogard- treats ulcers | ulcergard-prevents ulcers (omeprazole)

Question 45

what does HYPP stand for

Answer 45

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

Question 46

what test is performed to see if horse is a carrier of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Answer 46

DNA blood test- if positive- dont breed.