equine sx & anes

Question 1

examples of standing surgeries

Answer 1

repair of laceration injuries, minor eye tx, castration, repro, tooth extraction, neurectomies, laser/endoscope sx, hoof/lower leg procedures

Question 2

chemical restraining agents

Answer 2

Ace, Xylazine, Butorphanol, Detomidine

Question 3

advantages of standing surgeries

Answer 3

less expensive, no transportation, avoid GA risks. avoids Compartment syndrome

Question 4

disadvantages of standing surgeries

Answer 4

surgeon comfort is comprised, patient may still move, surgical field visualization compromised, “farm sterile”

Question 5

what is a line block?

Answer 5

all local anesthetics given in a line in SQ around surgical area

Question 6

Epidurals are given where

Answer 6

Cy1 and Cy2

Question 7

3 positions for castration surgery

Answer 7

standing, lateral, dorsal recumbency

Question 8

emasculators must be attached how to ensure no bleeding will occur

Answer 8

attached to spermatic cord as proximal as possible for 2 minutes per testicle. mule/donkey- 5 minutes

Question 9

what booster vax is given when castration is performed

Answer 9

tetanus

Question 10

what drug must be used to get a horse into lateral recumbency?

Answer 10

ketamine

Question 11

how to eliminate injury to horse in lateral recumbency

Answer 11

pull bottom leg forward- promotes circulation, increases perfusion of tissue, avoid elbow nerve- radial nerve paralysis

Question 12

open, closed, modified castration techniques

Answer 12

open- vaginal tunic cut. (mule, donkey, older horses)
closed- young, does not cut vaginal tunic.
modified- does not strip tunic off of spermatic cord

Question 13

how long after castration should a gelding be on stall rest?

Answer 13

24 hours, then exercise is recommended to reduce swelling.

Question 14

what does caslicks surgery prevent in a mare?

Answer 14

prevents pneumovagina and infertility due to sloping perineum

Question 15

procedure of caslicks sx

Answer 15

place tail wrap, prep/dry, palpate pelvis floor, place topical lidocaine at mucocutaneous junction, strip of mucosa is stripped, vulva is stitched with ford interlocking pattern.

Question 16

how much padding for dorsal/lateral recumbency

Answer 16

dorsal-10 inches

lateral- 7 inches

Question 17

you would apply alcohol to defat areas, except with these sx

Answer 17

castration and eye sx

Question 18

pre-surgical prep, use what and for how long

Answer 18

use chlorhexidine scrub or iodine soap for 7 minutes

Question 19

BP average under surgery and artery palpated

Answer 19

70-85 mmHg, coccygeal artery

Question 20

goal of induction drugs?

Answer 20

to combine unconsciousness with muscle relaxation with minimal cardiorespiratory effects

Question 21

3 drugs that produce unconsciousness

Answer 21

ketamine, thiopental, propofol

Question 22

muscle relaxants

Answer 22

benzodiazepenes and guaifenesin

Question 23

2 benzodiazepenes

Answer 23

diazepam and midazolam

Question 24

what drug prolongs the effect of thiopental

Answer 24

guaifenesin

Question 25

downfall of induction drug combo- guaif+ketamine

Answer 25

more difficult to assess depth, longer induction phase than Guaif-thio

Question 26

signs of good sedation

Answer 26

lowered head, drooping lip, broad based stance

Question 27

advantages to pre-medicating (4)

Answer 27

muscle relaxant, decrease stress, analgesia, reduces induction agents needed.

Question 28

compartment syndrome is common in what horses

Answer 28

larger breeds/ draft horses

Question 29

C.S of compartment syndrome

Answer 29

horse won't get up after sx, palpable hard muscles, increased HR & RR, dark urine, acute renal failure

Question 30

when a horse is recumbent, arteries can pump blood into muscle compartments, but..

Answer 30

veins and lymphatics cant collapse or drain

Question 31

what causes cells to die when a horse is recumbent

Answer 31

pressure inside the compartment increases

Question 32

what is primary cause of neuropathy/myopathy

Answer 32

horse that is recumbent/compartment syndrome

Question 33

compartment syndrome effects 4 muscles

Answer 33

gluteals, triceps, masseters, quads

Question 34

reasons for tail wraps

Answer 34

shipping, parturition, D+, repro procedures, ultrasound/sx

Question 35

4 types of tail wraps

Answer 35

commercial tail wraps, rolled gauze, vet wrap, soft fleece wrap (polo)