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RUSVM Animal Nutrition > Equine Nutrition > Flashcards

Equine Nutrition Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

Clinical signs of Ionophore Toxicity

A

Cardiotoxic - trembling, sweating, cardiac arrhythmias, death

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

Clinical signs of colic

A

Looking at flank, pawing, rolling

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4
Q

Growing horse dry matter intake

A

3.5%

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5
Q

Ca:P ratio in alfalfa

A

3: 1 to 6:1 (average)
12: 1 (high)

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6
Q

Special nutrient requirements of endurance horses

A

High fiber to hold water and decrease water loss

Avoid large grain meal 1-4 hours before

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7
Q

Muscles that are cut to manage cribbing

A

“Strap” Muscles

Sternothyroideus

Sternohyoideus

Omohyoideus

Sternomandibularis

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8
Q

Treatment of esophageal obstruction

A

Sedation

Naso-gastric tube +/- lavage

+/- treatment for aspiration

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9
Q

Nutritional requirement categories for horses

A

Maintenance

Growth

Gestation

Lactation

Work

Geriatric

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10
Q

Clinical signs of Canthatidin Toxicosis

A

Colic

Anorexia

Depression

GIT erosions

Frequent urination

Colitis

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11
Q

Special nutrient requirements for horses on weight restriction

A

Feed 70-75% requirements

Include exercise

_______________________

Be careful with breeds at risk for hyperlipemia

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12
Q

Forage should be provided how often to horses throughout the day?

A

Ad Libitum to avoid lowering stomach pH

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13
Q

Refeeding Syndrome

A

Occurs in starved horses

Heart, respiratory or renal failure

Precipitous phosphate, MG and K drop associated wtih insulin spikes

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14
Q

Equine nutritional needs depends on what factors

A

Horse Specific Factors

Dietary Factors

Feeding Management

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15
Q

Horses consume water in what kind of pattern

A

Circadian Pattern

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16
Q

Clinical signs of Moldy Corn Poisoning

A

Rapid progression - incoordination, depression, blindness, sweating, head pressing, seizures, coma, death

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17
Q

Absorption of proteins occurs in the _________ of the horse.

A

Stomach

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18
Q

Digestion of proteins occurs in the _________ of the horse.

A

Stomach

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19
Q

Breakdown and absorption of non-structural carbohydrates occurs in the __________ of the horse.

A

Small intestine

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20
Q

What months of lactation are important to consider in the horse?

A

First three months

__________________________

First month is the highest requirement

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21
Q

Considerations to avoid competition in horse feeding management

A

Feed in compatible groups

Spread out when group feeding

Trauma associated with competition

Esophageal Obstruction

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22
Q

Treatment of EGUS

A

Treat active ulcers with omeprazole, H2 blockers and carafate

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23
Q

Cause an increased risk of Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrom -EGUS- in horses

A

Illness

Strenuous exercise

Feeding managment - increaded feeding of VFA, intermittent feed deprivation

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24
Q

Fescue Toxicosis is due to

A

contamination with endophyte that causes ergot alkaloids

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25
Treatment of Equine Metabolic Syndrome
Low glycemic index diet Exercise Ievothroxine Sodium
26
Starch digestion ideally occurs ___________ in the horse
Pre-cecally
27
Canthatidin Toxicosis of horses is caused by
Ingestion of blister beetles found in alfalfa
28
Pathogenesis of fescue toxicosis
Causes dopaminerginic inhibition of prolactin from action potential → decreased prolactin and progesterone
29
Clinical Signs of EGUS
Colic, poor appetite, altered behavior, exercise intolerance, weight loss, poor condition
30
Treatment of colic
NSAIDs Rectal examination NG intubation
31
What is the advantage to horses biting?
Creates small pieces
32
Horse peak lactation dry matter intake
3 %
33
Two types of digestion that occur within the horse GI
Enzymatic Digestion (Small Intestine) Microbial Digestion (Large Intestine)
34
Hydrolyzable carbohydrates are digested in the ____________ of horses
Small intestine
35
Treatment of developmental orthopedic disease
Reduce energy intake Supplement micronutrients
36
Fat supplements used in horse diets
Vegetable oil Rice bran, soy or corn oil
37
3 types of dental problems of equines that may affect feed intake
Enamel points Molar hooks Ulcerations
38
Special nutrient requirements for geriatric horse
BCS 4-6 High quality feed 1-2 cups fat Lower digestible fiber
39
Considerations when using hay as a main feed for horses:
Minimum 1% of body weight Good quality Supplement with grain or fat
40
Locomotor vices that are not associated to feed management
Weaving Stall walking Headshaking
41
Horse Maintenance =
M = 1.4 + 0.03 x BW(kg)
42
Sugars that are not digested in the horse's small intestine reach the large intestine to produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
VFA
43
Fat supplementation in horses is preferred when
Requirements can not be met totally with forage intake alone
44
Pathogenesis of grain induced laminitis
Rapid fermentation in large intestine increases endotoxins → Increased lactate → decreased pH → increased mucosal absorption → destruction of basement membrane, digital ischemia, leukocyte infiltration → laminitis
45
Vices associated with feed management
Cribbing Wind sucking Wood chewing
46
T/F: Highly processed grains have the highest digestibility in the small intestine
True
47
Clinical signs of fescue toxicosis
Prolonged gestation Premature separation of the placenta Dystocia Retained placenta Agalactia
48
Nursing/Weaning horse dry matter intake
2%
49
Prevention of fescue toxicosis
Move late gestation mares off pasture Cut grass Domperidone Fungus free fescue Re seed
50
Management of esophageal obstruction
Repeat offenders Slow down eating Separate the bully Soak feed
51
Rapidly fermentable carbohydrates and slowly fermentable carbohydrates undergo microbial digestion in the _____________ of the horse
Large Intestine
52
Clinical signs of equine dental problems
Weight loss, dropping feed, difficulty eating, quidding
53
Treatment of Ionophore Toxicity
Supportive Lavage GI (oil/charcoal)
54
Number one cause of death of equines
Colic
55
Daily Need (horse) =
Maintenance + Physiologic State
56
What is the relationship between the number of chews a horse does and the risk of gastric ulcers?
Decreased chews → decreased saliva → decreased buffering → increased risk of gastric ulcers
57
Energy from fat is \_\_\_\_\_\_% utilizable
90%
58
Moldy Corn Poisoning - Leukoencephalomalacia - Blind Staggers - Mycotoxic Equine Encephalomalacia
Mycotoxin found in corn causes liquefacation of cerebral white matter
59
Feeds that are used in the geriatric horse, starved horse and high performance horse?
Beet Pulp - high energy, low glycemic index Oil
60
What percent of fat can be added to the diet of a horse?
10%
61
Acid Gut Syndrome in horses
Caused by increased concentrations of acid in the large intestine causing altered flora and mucosal damage
62
Special requirements for the orphaned foal
Nurse mare Bucket feeding 10% body weight for first few days building upt to 25% by 10 days age Feed every 1-2 hours first week 4th week feed four times daily Creep feed at 2 weeks Wean at 8-12 weeks
63
Fiber fermentation and energy production occurs in the ________ of the horse
Large Intestine
64
Quidding
Long strains of grass that are not chewed - volume not digested, lose efficiency
65
Examples of horse specific factors that effect nutritional needs
Age, Breed, Body Weight and Condition, Physiological State
66
It is important to evaluate horse diet to determine:
Animal Requirement Feed Intake Nutrition Content of Common forages and grains
67
Feed management issues seen commonly in horse practice
Competition Vices Dental Problems Equine Metabolic Syndrome
68
Seen in rapidly growing large breed horses "Pushing" the feed to susceptible animals Angular limb deformities
Developmental Orthopedic Disease - DOD
69
Glycemic Index
Propensity to raise insulin index
70
What is a typical horse usually fed?
Fresh water Salt block Good quality grass/pasture
71
What are some problems associated with feeding horses a high concentrate fat diet?
Diarrhea Large intestinal torsion, impaction, colic Increased starch in hindgut Decreased pH Decreased microbial number and activity
72
Why can alfalfa cause a problem in foals?
Increased calcium may interfere with other electrolyte absorption Increased phosphorus may promote osteochondrosis
73
What makes a good quality hay?
Not many stems Leafiness Green Smells good Free from mold or dust No foreign material
74
Adults \< 15 years Obese with fat deposits "Easy Keepers" with little feed Intermittent laminitis Metabolic dysregulation High carb diets
Equine Metabolic Syndrome
75
Treatment of grain induced laminitis
NSAIDs Sole support DMSO Vasodilators Surgery Diet - reduce carbs
76
Wood Chewing
Just chewing No air sucking Destructive Splinters/ Foreign body
77
Management of dental care in horses by way of what process
Floating
78
Dry Matter Intake (Horse) =
DMI = (BW + Daily Need) x (DMI %/ 100)
79
What months of gestation are important to consider in the horse?
Last 3 months \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Greatest fetus growth occurs then
80
Treatment of Canthatidin Toxicosis
Supportive care - fluids and NSAIDS
81
Horses should spend how many hours a day grazing?
12-18 hours
82
Adult horses with a dry diet should consume how much water per day
5L / 100kg BW / Day
83
Complete Feeds
Hay and grain component together in pellet can be fed wet as mush \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Important component to geriatric horse nutrition
84
Rapid fermentation of highly digestible carbohydrates in the hind gut causes gas distention and what "disease"
Colic
85
Metabolic dysregulations associated with Equine Metabolic Syndrome
Persistant hyperinsulinemia Insulin resistance
86
Clinical signs of Esphageal Obstruction - "Choke"
Acute onset - dysphagia, watery feed tinged nasal discharge, gagging, repeated attempts to swallow, stretching the neck, anxious
87
Mangement of cribbing
Cribbing collar Cribbing mask Hog rings
88
Clinical signs of Acid Gut Syndrome in horses
Colic, distention, diarrhea, shock, laminitis
89
Condition commonly confused with cribbing, 74% of which become cribbers
Wind Sucking
90
Vices are typically associated with
Boredom Low roughage diet Prolonged exposure Learned behaviors
91
Special nutrient requirements for Racing Horses
Slow training 2 days before to allow energy storage Small grain meal within 5 hours of race Less fiber near race tim - holds water
92
Considerations when using pasture as main feed for horses:
Grass + Legume Pasture Vegetative state of growth No more than 8-10 inches
93
Red Clover effects on horses
Clover infected with mold has mycotoxin Slaframine which causes excessive salivation
94
Horse maintenance dry matter intake
1.5 - 2%
95
Concers associated with cribbing
Poor performance Weight loss Incisor wear Flatulent colic Epiplotic foramen entrapment Destruction of property Annoying to owner
96
Special nutrient requirements for starved horses
Low carb feeding Low volume alfalfa hay Start with few meals then move to more frequent Free choice hay by 10 days or 2 weeks

RUSVM Animal Nutrition (16 decks)

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