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CPFT/RPFT Review > Equipment > Flashcards

Equipment Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Troubleshooting cooximetry results

A

Add the gasses and if not 100% there is an error- adjust the gain until the total equals 100%.

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2
Q

Troubleshooting ABG analyzer errors

A

Ensure gas tanks aren’t empty
Unstable, erratic or noisy readings: worn out or ruptured membrane, clots (protein remover + flushes to clear)

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3
Q

Polarographic O2 analyzer works by…

A

Using a Clark electrode to measure PO2 converted to FiO2

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4
Q

Calibrating O2 sensors

A

FiO2: 21% & 100% O2
FeO2: 12-14% & 21% O2

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5
Q

Tonometer

A

Used to QC ABG analyzers
Creates a precise gas mixture in a buffering solution or blood
Adds known PO2 or PCO2 to QC blood sample to check analyzers

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6
Q

To ensure proper valve function…

A

Observe the flaps or diaphragms aren’t sticking

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7
Q

Perma Pure tubing

A

AKA Nafion tubing
Allows humidity in tube to equilibrate with room air

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8
Q

A Wright respirometer measures flow and converts to volume by…

A

Exhaled flow spins a vane and turns gears that then turn dial to show volume
Convenient but also delicate and not very accurate

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9
Q

Pressure differential pneumotach works by…

A

Measuring a pressure differential and converting to volume

Quick and accurate

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10
Q

Function of a thermal element pneumotach

A

A heated wire behind a screen cools as air passes and converts to flow

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11
Q

Function of a pilot tube pneumotach

A

Contains two tubes to measure inspiratory and expiratory flow
Disposable
Not affected by moisture

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12
Q

Function of an ultrasonic pneumotach

A

Flow passes over a strut (obstruction) and creates vortexes/waves
Ultrasonic transducer counts the waves to calculate flow

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13
Q

Function of a Collins water seal spirometer

A

Records volume via a moving bell that marks on a rotating drum
Mechanical and very accurate

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14
Q

3L calibration syringe must be accurate within…

A

+/-2.5%

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15
Q

Function of a dry rolling seal spirometer

A

Dry piston moving side to side directly measuring volume
Exhalation pushes piston away, inhalation pulls it back
May be connected to a pen or a potentiometer

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16
Q

Wedge bellows spirometer

A

Inflates and deflates to directly measure volume
Pen moves up and down with breathing
A hole in the bellows creates a leak and reduced volumes

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17
Q

Rotometer

A

Calibration device that generates specific flows

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18
Q

Function of a sine wave rotary pump

A

Pumps air in and out of a body box to generate pressure changes and calibrate

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19
Q

Body box works based on…

A

Boyles’ law- relationship between pressure and volume

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20
Q

Calibrating treadmill

A

Measure belt length
Count revolutions per minute
Calculate speed

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21
Q

ECG tracing measurements

A

1mV = 10mm vertical deflection
1 small box = 0.04s
1 large box = 0.2s
5 large boxes = 1s

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22
Q

Air-oxygen blender alarms when…

A

Air or O2 side has < 40psi pressure

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23
Q

How water barometer works

A

Air pressure on one side pushes up on the other side
AKA U-tube barometer
Check reading at bottom of meniscus

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24
Q

What is Inductive plethysmography?

A

Measuring chest movement with resistive bands

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25
An Aneroid manometer measures
Air pressure
26
Define: integration
Taking a flow signal and turning it into a volume
27
Gas sterilization uses…
Ethylene oxide gas (ETO)- Safe for all equipment
28
Metabolic measurement systems for exercise testing
Mixing chamber- mixes gases before analysis Breath-to-breath- analyzes gas in each exhaled breath
29
Absorption type analyzer, AKA…
Gas chromatograph
30
Gases measured by gas chromatograph
Ne, O2, N2 & CO via a separator column
31
A carrier gas is required for a…
Gas chromatograph N2 or He
32
Is a gas chromatograph fast (breath to breath)?
No
33
Gas chromatograph accuracy affected by…
Moisture and CO2
34
Mass spectrometer measures…
Mass of multiple gases simultaneously
35
Is a mass spectrometer fast (breath to breath)?
Yes, though they’re very large and expensive
36
Gases measured by Infrared absorption analyzer…
CO, CO2 & CH4
37
A chopper motor is utilized by…
Infrared absorption analyzer
38
Is an infrared absorption analyzer fast (breath to breath)?
Yes
39
Calibrating an infrared absorption analyzer
Cal to room air (low), a known concentration of CO or CO2 (high), then room air again.
40
An infrared absorption analyzer is affected by…
Moisture & long sampling line (delay)
41
Helium analyzers are AKA…
Thermal conductivity analyzer, or, Wheatstone bridge analyzer
42
Helium analyzer works by…
Helium passes over hot wires, cooling them and altering their resistance (Can’t be used around combustible gases)
43
Calibrating a helium analyzer
Cal to room air, then a known concentration of He (around 10%), then room air again
44
Nitrogen analyzer works by…
Gas sample is pumped into an ionization chamber Ionized nitrogen emits light Photo tube detects light
45
Is a nitrogen analyzer fast (breath to breath)?
Yes
46
Calibrating a nitrogen analyzer
Cal with 100% O2, then a known nitrogen concentration
47
N2 pump malfunction or leaks cause…
Erratic readings
48
Severinghaus electrode measures…
PCO2
49
Severinghaus electrode works by…
Detecting the change in pH by CO2 dissolving in HCO3
50
Severinghaus electrode membrane is made of…
Teflon + a nylon spacer
51
Clark electrode measures…
PO2
52
The most complicated ABG sensor and the one most prone to errors is the…
Clark electrode (PO2)
53
The Clark electrode is made up of…
A platinum cathode & silver chloride anode
54
Clark electrode membrane is made of…
Polypropylene Rough surface can trap blood particles Cleaned with pumice
55
Clark electrode requries…
Polarizing voltage
56
PH electrodes consist of
Reference and measuring electrodes
57
The reference electrode of a pH electrode has…
Constant electrical potential
58
pH electrodes work by
Electrical potential develops between the electrodes and the voltage changes proportional to the pH
59
Calibrating pH electrode…
Add a sample of known pH and compare
60
Calibration levels for CO2 electrode
Low = 5%, high = 10%
61
Calibration levels for O2 electrode
Low = 0%, high = 12% or 20%
62
To convert % reading of ABG electrode to mmHg…
Multiply x 7
63
Galvanic fuel cell analyzer works by…
Exposure to O2 creates a reaction Measures PO2 and converts to FiO2
64
Galvanic fuel cell analyzer is AKA…
Zirconium fuel cell
65
Troubleshooting a galvanic fuel cell analyzer
Only malfunctions if fuel cell runs out - replace
66
Troubleshooting a polarographic O2 analyzer
Check batteries, electrolytes, membrane
67
To measure dead space in a sampling device
Fill with water then measure volume of water
68
CO2 absorber is AKA
CO2 scrubber or sodium hydroxide canister
69
CO2 absorber works by…
Removing CO2 from air and converting it to water
70
CO2 absorbers are necessary for…
Tests that require rebreathing
71
Physiologic effects of malfunctioning CO2 absorber
Flushing Dizziness Light-headedness Increased RR Stop testing and check the system
72
How to know when CO2 absorber is used up
Color changes Usually brown -> white or cream -> purple
73
Water absorber is AKA
Calcium sulfate (Dry-Rite)
74
Placement of water absorber
Inline after the CO2 scrubber
75
How to know when water absorber is used up
Color changes Blue -> pink
76
Moisture in a pressure differential pneumotach’s capillary tubes can cause…
High volume errors Check for moisture or check and replace heating element
77
Troubleshooting 3L calibration syringe
Too low = leak, too high = potentiometer needs adjustment If readings are consistently high/low, a correction factor may be used to compensate
78
Calibrating body box
Mouth pressure- barometer Box pressure- sine wave rotary pump Can compensate for small calibration errors by adjusting the gain
79
ECG limb leads show…
“Wide” overview of heart conduction
80
ECG chest leads show…
“Close up” evaluation of heart function
81
Best limb lead
Lead II Upper right arm is negative, left leg is positive Follows normal heart conduction- upper right to lower left
82
Best chest lead
V5 Placed over the left ventricle
83
A mercury barometer works by…
Using a vacuum tube- pressure pushes against mercury Read measurement at top of meniscus
84
Errors from a thermal element pneumotach can be caused by…
Damaged or blocked screen
85
Good quality valves should have…
Low dead space Low resistance Low compliance (stiff) Be easy to clean
86
Polarographic O2 analyzers are affected by…
Water on sensor Changes in pressure or altitude
87
Effect of excessive moisture in N2 sensor
Spikes in nitrogen values
88
Body box only works if temperature is…
Constant
89
Body box measures…
TGV, which is more accurate for measuring FRC
90
Body box also measures…
Raw
91
Common chemical disinfectants
Alkaline gluteraldehyde (Cidex)- short time (20 min) = disinfection, long time (overnight) = sterilize Bleach
92
Moisture is minimized in a pressure differential pneumotach via a…
Heating element
93
A pressure differential pneumotach contains…
Resistive elements (typically capillary tubes) Flow over the elements changes the pressure on one end vs the other
94
A nitrogen analyzer is AKA…
Geissler tube ionizer
95
Low cal level is AKA…
Balance
96
High cal level is AKA…
Slope
97
NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
98
“Soda…” or “…lime”
CO2 absorbers
99
Common desiccant
Calcium sulfate CaSO4
100
Wright spirometer is AKA…
Turbine pneumotach
101
Pressure differential pneumotach is AKA…
Fleisch pneumotach

CPFT/RPFT Review (6 decks)

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