Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ER > ER > Flashcards

ER Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Endocrine Organs HISTO

A

reticular fibers
fenestrated capillaries
secrete hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

A

carries hormones from hypothalmus to pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

development of pituitary

A

anterior- roof of oropharynx (rathkes pouch)
posterior- floor of diencephalon
pars intermedia- remnants of Rathkes puch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

parts of anterior pituitary

A

(adenohypophysis)
pars distalis
pars intermedia
pars tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pars distalis

A

-part of anterior pituitary
-contains chromophobes
and chromophils ( Acidophils, Basophils )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acidophils

A

Somatotropes

Mammotropes/ lactotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Somatotropes

A

Growth Hormone,

inhibited by somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mammotropes/ lactotropes

A

prolactin

inhibited by dopamine produced by hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Basophils

A

Gonadotropes
Corticotropes
Thyrotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gonadotropes

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Luteinizing Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Corticotropes

A

ACTH - adrenocorticotropin

POMC- proopiomelanocortin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thyrotropes

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pars Intermedia

A

part of anterior pituitary

associated with cells producing MSH ( a- melanocyte stimulating hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

(Neurohypophysis)

  • Median eminence
  • Infundibulum
  • Pars Nervosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Supraoptic Nucleus

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Paraventricular nucleus

A

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

2 in number, Superior pole of kidney
cortex of gland develops from mesoderm
medulla from NCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A 
Zona Glomerulosa ( Aldosterone, regulated by angiotensin 2) 
Zona fasiculata 
Zona reticularis  ( cortisol & androgens, regulated by ACTH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adrenal Medulla cells

A 
Chromaffin cells (modified pot - ganglionic sympathetic neurons)
Ganglion Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pancreas- “islets of Langerhans”

A

central core of the islets contain B cells- with a cells distributed around outer rim.

  • Alpha cells- secrete glucagon
  • Beta cells- secrete insulin
  • delta cells- gastrin & somatostatin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thyroid

A

Parafollicular cells- secrete calcitonin ( lowers blood calcium) by directly suppressing osteoclast activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parathyroid Gland

Study These Flashcards
A

4 small glands embedding in the posterior part of the thyroid
- Parathyroid Hormone: stimulates osteoclasts to free Ca from bone, stimulates Ca uptake from intestine & kidney

23
Q

Cell Types of Parathyroid Gland

Study These Flashcards
A

Chief Cells- parathyroid hormone ( increases Ca, lowers phosphate)
Oxyphil cells-

24
Q

Pineal Gland

Study These Flashcards
A

consists of melatonin secreting pinealocytes

25
Growth Hormone
secreted by somatotrophs in AP stimulated by GHRH * also stimulated by Ghrenlin (hypoglycemia) inhibited by somatostatin ( GHIH) mechanism- tyrosine Kinase overall effect is to increase blood glucose
26
mechanism of GHRH
increase cAMP- increase Ca
27
Actions of GH
liver - (increase blood glucose and IGF) Adipose tissue - ( increase lipid breakdown, decrease glucose uptake) Muscle- ( increase protein synthesis, decrease glucose uptake) ** increase in blood glucose--- increase in insulin
28
IGFs
somatomedins | important for growth - promoting effects of GH
29
Alodosterone
- primary effect on kidney tubules and stimulates ion re-uptake and potassium secretion. water follows sodium ions causing an increase in ECF that will raise BP. - released by Adrenal Cortex (Zona Glomerulosa) - stimulated by Angiotensin 2
30
Cortisol
- secreted in response to ACTH - released from Adrenal Cortex ( Zona Fasciculata/ Reticularis) - Adipose Cells: increase lipolysis - Liver: increase glucose, glycogen - muscle: increase protein breakdown - transport: corticosteroid binding glubulin
31
Androgens
- synthesis is stimulated by ACTH. - released from adrenal gland ( Zona fasciculata/ Reticularis) - weak androgens ( dehyrdoepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione are released into blood and can be converted into testosterone or estrogens)
32
Steroid Hormone Synthesis
- ACTH leads via protein kinase A to activation of both cholesteryll esterase and stAR - the generated free cholesterol is transported into the mitochondrial matrix - pregnenolone (21C) is formed from cholesterol inside mitochondria by desmolase (P450 or CYP 11A)
33
Prolactin
``` produced in anterior pituitary breast development & milk production inhibited by Dopamine Stimulated by TRH mechanism: Tyrosine Kinase ```
34
Antidiuretic hormone
- ADH, AVP, Vasopressin - synthesized from neuro-hypophysins (posterior pituitary hormone) - stimulated by increase in ECF osmolarity, decrease in ECF volume - @ kidney- V2 R -- increase cAMP @ principal cells - @ blood vessels - V1 R--- increase IP3 & DAG --- increase Ca---- contraction
35
Oxytocin
released by posterior pituitary ( neurohypophysins) stimulated by nursing a baby, pressure against cervix -mechanism: increase IP3 & DAG
36
Thyroid Releasing Hormone
- synthesized in PVN | - mechanism: increase in IP3 & DAG
37
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- synthesized in thyrotrophs of AP - promotes growth of thyroid gland - mechanism: increase cAMP
38
What is synthesized at thyroid gland?
- Thyroxine (T4) | - Triiodothyronine (T3)
39
Iodine
synthesis of thyroid hormone requires.. | is ingested in idodide (I-) or iodate (IO3)
40
Thyroglobulin
synthesis and storage of TH remains here | made in epithelial cells- ( synthesized in ribosomes, transport to Golgi, discharged into follicle lumen)
41
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
released by PVN cells in the hypothalamus stimulates ACtH synthesis and release from AP mechanism: increase cAMP
42
ACTH
-derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) stimulates Adrenal Cortex ( Zona Glomerulosa) -conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone -mechanism : increase cAMP @ adrenal gland
43
Steroid hormones
precursor for all hormones is cholesterol | stored as lipid droplets
44
Angiotensin 2
- stimulates release of Aldosterone @ zona glomerulosa cell of adrenal cortex - mechanism: increase DAG
45
Adrenal Medulla
secretes 80% epinephrine, 20% norepinephrine regulated by Sympathetic control triggers: stress, exercise, exposure to cold, hypoglycemia
46
Insulin
B cells of pancreas stimulated from high glucose inhibited by catecholamines & somatostatin mechanism of action: TK inhibits glucagon release from alpha cells
47
Glucagon
alpha cells of pancreas main target is liver stimulated by : high AA, stress, hypoglycemia mechanism: increase cAMP
48
Somatostatin
actions: decrease insulin and glucagon secretion, decrease GIT motility, decrease secretions and absorption by GIT
49
Parathyroid Hormone
Released by parathyroid gland stimulated by a decrease in Ca mechanism: increase in IP3 & cAMP increase Ca, decrease phosphate
50
Calcitonin
secreted by C cells of thyroid gland
51
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
released in the median eminence of hypothalamus mechanism: IP3 and DAG act on anterior pituitary to release LH (Leydig/ Thecal cell) and FSH (Sertoli/ Granulosa Cell)
52
LH and FSh
mechanism: cAMP
53
Progesterone
secreted in large amounts by the corpus luteum during luteal phase or placenta

ER (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions