Erlichiosis and Anaplasmosis Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
erlichosis is caused by what kind of pathogen
A
- bacteria
2
Q
erlichiosis/anaplasmosis is caused by what kind of vector
A
- tick
3
Q
anaplasmosis is caused by what kind of pathogen
A
- bacteria
4
Q
leishmaniasiasis is caused by what kind of pathogen
A
- protozoa
5
Q
trypanosomiasis is caused by what kind of pathogen
A
- protozoa
6
Q
After a mammalian host is infected with a vector-borne parasite, what has to happen before it becomes infectious?
A
- Intrinsic incubation period
7
Q
The intrinsic incubation period occurs in the _____ host
A
- mammalian (i.e. deer)
- host becomes infectious
8
Q
The extrinsic incubation period occurs in the ____ host
A
- arthropod (i.e. tick)
9
Q
The extrinsic incubation period is the time that it takes for the ___ to become infectious
A
- vector
10
Q
Ehrlichia chafeensis infects what cell type?
A
- Monocytes
- mononuclear phagocytes
11
Q
Ehrlichia chafeensis causes
A
- HME
12
Q
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects what cell types?
A
- Granulocytes (neutrophils)
13
Q
Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes
A
- HGA
14
Q
Malaria species infects
A
- red blood cells
- liver cells
15
Q
Babesia microti infects _____
A
red blood cells
16
Q
Trypanosoma species infects
A
- monocytes
- macrophages
17
Q
Leishmania species infects
A
- macrophages
- reticuloendothelial cells
18
Q
Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are a part of the ______ family
A
Rickettsia
19
Q
Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are obligate intracellular, gram ____ bacteria and are ____ borne
A
negative; tick
20
Q
The lone star tick is infected with _____
A
- Ehrlichia
21
Q
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) causes ____ and sepsis
A
Fever
22
Q
Where and when in the US does ehrlichiosis predominate?
A
- Southeast to south central US;
- spring and summer
23
Q
Risk factors for contracting ehrlichiosis
A
- Hiking and other outdoor sports
- Exposure to wildlife
24
Q
Vector for Ehrlichiosis
A
- Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)
25
Animal reservoirs for ehrlichiosis
- white tail deer
- dogs
- coyotes
26
Other routes of transmission of ehrlichiosis:
◦Maternal-child
◦Blood transfusion
◦Direct contact with slaughtered deer
27
Human monocytic Ehrlichiosis (HME) blood smear finding
- See morulae in the monocytes
- look like mulberries
28
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is caused by what arthropod?
- Black-legged tick or deer tick
29
Anaplasmosis occurs in what region of the US?
- Upper Midwest and Northeast US
30
High seroprevalence of anaplasmosis means that there is likely a lot of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ transmission
- asymptomatic
31
Deer ticks or black-legged ticks with anaplasma may be co-infected with Borrelia (cause of Lyme's disease) or \_\_\_\_
- Babesia
32
Nosocomial transmission of _____ has been noted
Anaplasma
33
\_\_\_\_\_ may be transmitted person-person as seen in China
- Anaplasma
34
Peripheral blood smear of anaplasmosis
- Morulae seen in neutrphils
- in contrast to seeing morulae in monocytes in ehrlichiosis
35
GI symptoms are more frequent in ehrlichiosis/ anaplasmmosis
rash symptoms are more frequent in ehrlichiosis/ anaplasmmosis
- ehrlichiosis
- ehrlichiosis
36
In ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis, what is the incubation period?
- 1-2 weeks after bite with infected tick
37
Acute febrile illness is common in infections with:
- Ehrlichia and anaplasma
38
Between Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis, which condition has a higher mortality rate and is more severe and life threatening?
- Ehrlichiosis
39
If you think that someone has ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis, but you are waiting for confirmation, should you delay treatment with doxycycline?
- No, that can mean that the illness becomes serious and that may lead to hospitalization and manual ventilation and death
40
What is the best antibiotic to treat ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis?
Why is it best?
- doxycycline (which is a tetracycline);
- best becasue it accumulates inside of the bacteria
41
Trophozoites refers to what forms of protozoa?
- motile, feeding, reproducing forms
42
Mastigotes refers to what kind of form of protozoa?
- Flagellated
43
Merozoites, schizonts, gametes, oocysts all refer to what stage of protozoan development?
- Sexual stages
44
Peripheral blood smear of someone with babesiosis
- The Maltese cross is characteristic of babesiosis
45
Babesiosis is reported in what regions of the US?
- Northeast and upper midwest
46
What is the vector for babesia?
- Nymphal stage of the black-legged tick or deer tick
47
What is the animal reservoir for babesia?
- White-footed mouse
48
What may the clinical maifestations for Babesia be?
- Asymptomatic or can present with flu-like symptoms
- Hemolytic anemia with dark urine
49
- What populations of people are at a high risk of severe, life-threatening disease when infected with babesia?
- Those without a spleen
- Immunocompromised
- Advanced age
50
It can be difficult to distinguish a babesia blood smear from a ______ smear due to the similarites in the trophozoite (ring stage)
plasmodium (malaria)
51
What are the 2 types of leishmaniasis?
- Visceral
- Cutaneous and mucocutaneous
52
Leishmaniases infect what cell type?
- Macrophages
53
What is the vector for leishmaniases?
- sand fly
54
Kala-azar (Hindi for black fever) refers to what diseases?
where is this condition also found?
- visceral leishmaniases
- Brazil
55
In some regions, humans may be a reservoir for this parasitic infection along with small rodents
- leishmaniases
56
Other routes of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis
◦Blood transfusion
◦IV Drug use, needle sharing
◦Congenital
57
Clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis
\* Irregular bouts of fever
\* Substantial weight loss
\* Swelling of spleen and liver
\* Serious anemia
\* Untreated, fatality rate in developing countries 100% within 2 years Post-kala-azar dermal manifestations
58
Peripheral blood smear of someone with lieshmaniasis
- Infected macrophage with amastigote and kinetoblast
59
Visualization of the kinetoplast is important for diagnostic purposes, to be confident the patient has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
leishmaniasis
60
In a bone marrow or spleen aspirate, what cells will you be looking for to have within them amastigotes for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis?
- macrophages
61
African trypanosomiasis is known as
- Sleeping sickness
62
American trypanosomiasis is known as
- Chagas disease
63
T. brucei causes
sleeping sickness
64
T. cruzi causes
- Chagas disease
65
vector for sleeping sickness
- tsetse fly
66
vector for chagas disease
- reduviid kissing bug
67
Sleeping sickness is seen in \_\_\_\_\_
Chagas disease is seen in \_\_\_\_\_
- Africa
- Latin and South America
68
Animal reservoir of Chaga's disease
◦armadillos
raccoons
◦also dogs
guinea pigs
rats
69
How does the reduviid bug transmit T. cruzi?
- It bites and then poops in the place where it bit on the person's face normally
- the parasites are in the big's GI tract
70
Death due to Chagas is usaully due to _____ problems
- Cardiac
71
Romana’s sign is seen in what disease?
What does Romana's sign look like
Chaga's
- swelling of eyelids near the bite or where feces was rubbed into the eye
72
In acute infection of trypanosomiasis, what will be seen on a blood smear?
\* extracellular trypomastigotes
73
In chronic infection of trypanosomiasis, what will be seen in the bone marrow aspirate or muscle biopsy?
\* Intracellular amastigotes
74
1.
2.
diagosis
1. PMN
2. infected monocyte with morula
Ehrlichiosis
75
what is seen in this slide?
diagnosis
- morulae in neutrophils
Anaplasmosis
76
What is the diagnosis?
How do you know?
- babesia
- maltese cross
77
What is the diagnosis?
What stage
1.
2.
3.
Babesia
1. merozoites
2. trophozoites (ring stage)
3. merozoite tetrad
78
What is the diagnosis?
How do you know?
- leischmaniasis
amastigote in macrophage
79
what is seen here?
diagnosis
- extracellular trypomastigotes in blood smear
- acute trypanosmiasis
80
what is seen here?
diagnosis
- intracellular amastigotes in bone marrow biopsy
- chronic trypanomiasis
