ES - Basic Principles of Biomech. Regarding... - Kinematic Principles of Movement

Question 1

Anatomical Planes of Movement

Answer 1

Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse

Question 2

Anatomical Position

Answer 2

body erect
arms down at sides
palms forward

Question 3

Sagittal Plane

Answer 3

left to right

Question 4

Frontal Plane

Answer 4

front to back

Question 5

Transverse Plane

Answer 5

top and bottom

Question 6

Wrist flexion

Answer 6

sagittal
Exercise: wrist curl
Sport: basketball free throw

Question 7

Wrsit extension

Answer 7

sagittal
Exercise: wrist extension
Sport: raquetball backhand

Question 8

Wrist Ulnar deviation

Answer 8

frontal
E: specific wrist curl
S: swinging a bat

Question 9

Wrist Radial deviation

Answer 9

frontal
E: specific wrist curl
S: golf back swing

Question 10

Elbow flexion

Answer 10

sagittal
E: bicep curl
S: bowling

Question 11

Elbow extension

Answer 11

sagittal
E: tricep pushdown
S: shot put

Question 12

Shoulder felxion

Answer 12

sagittal
E: front shoulder raise
S: boxing uppercut punch

Question 13

Shoulder extension

Answer 13

sagittal
E: neutral grip seated row
S: freestyle swimming stroke

Question 14

Shoulder adduction

Answer 14

frontal
E: wide grip lat pull down
S: swimming breast stroke

Question 15

Shoulder abduction

Answer 15

frontal
E: wide grip shoulder press
S: springboard diving

Question 16

Shoulder internal rot.

Answer 16

transverse
E: arm wrestling movement
S: baseball pitch

Question 17

Shoulder external rot.

Answer 17

transverse
E: reverse arm wrestle movement
S: karate block

Question 18

Shoulder transverse adduction

Answer 18

E: dumbbells chest fly
S: tennis forehand

Question 19

Shoulder transverse abduction

Answer 19

E: bent over lateral raise
S: tennis backhand

Question 20

Neck flexion

Answer 20

sagittal
E: neck machine
S: somersault

Question 21

Neck extension

Answer 21

sagittal
E: dynamic back bridge
S: back flip

Question 22

Neck left rot. and right rot.

Answer 22

transverse
E: manual resistance
S: wrestling movement

Question 23

Neck left tilt and right tilt

Answer 23

frontal
E: neck machine
S: slalom skiing

Question 24

Lower back flexion

Answer 24

sagittal
E: sit up
S: javelin follow through

Question 25

Lower back extension

Answer 25

sagittal E: stiff-leg deadlift S: back flip

Question 26

Lower back left tilt

Answer 26

frontal E: medicine ball S: gymnastics side aerial

Question 27

Lower back right tilt

Answer 27

front E: side bend S: basketball hook shot

Question 28

Lower back left rot. and right rot.

Answer 28

transverse E: med ball side toss S: swinging a bat

Question 29

Hip flexion

Answer 29

sagittal E: leg raise S: punting

Question 30

Hip extension

Answer 30

sagittal E: back squat S: long jump takeoff

Question 31

Hip adduction and abduction

Answer 31

frontal E: lateral walks S: basketball defense slides

Question 32

Hip internal rot. and external rot.

Answer 32

transverse E: resisted internal/external rot. S: basketball pivot movement

Question 33

Hip transverse adduction

Answer 33

E: adduction machine S: karate in-sweep

Question 34

Hip transvrse abduction

Answer 34

E: seated abduction machine S: wrestling escape

Question 35

Knee flexion

Answer 35

sagittal E: leg curl s: diving tuck

Question 36

Knee extension

Answer 36

sagittal E: leg extension S: volleyball block

Question 37

Ankle dorsiflexion

Answer 37

sagittal E: toe raise S: running

Question 38

Ankle plantarflexion

Answer 38

sagittal E: calf raise S: high jump

Question 39

Ankle inversion

Answer 39

frontal E: resisted inversion S: soccer dribbling

Question 40

Ankle eversion

Answer 40

frontal E: resisted eversion S: speed skating

Question 41

Joint angle specificity?

Answer 41

If you only train one specific joint, only those muscle fibers will be stimulated to adapt and develop strength in that ROM. For all muscle fibers being worked to improve all around strength, multiple joints should be trained to increase muscle fibers activated during the movement. Layman's terms: the muscle will only adapt to the respective joint angle(s) in which the muscle is being activated.

Question 42

How does joint angle affect exercise selection?

Answer 42

depending on the angle in which the muscles are being worked, muscles may be stronger at one specific angle compared to another. Being able to demonstrate increased strength at multiple joint angles allows for versatility. ex. only practicing wide grip bench press, but struggling to increase normal grip bench press.

Question 43

Characterize Concentric muscle action and sport relationship

Answer 43

Muscle shortens b/c contractile force is greater than resistive force. Forces generated within muscle and acting to shorten it are greater than the external forces acting at its tendons to stretch it. Agonist muscle is shortened and elastic energy generated from eccentric phase is released. SR: demonstrate improved ability during acceleration movements.

Question 44

Characterize Eccentric muscle action and sport relationship

Answer 44

Muscle lengthens b/c contractile force is less than the resistive. Forces generated within muscle and acting to shorten it are less than the external forces acting at its tendons to stretch it. SR: demonstrate improved ability during deceleration movements.

Question 45

Characterize Isometric muscle action and sport relationship

Answer 45

Muscle length does not change, b/c contractile force is equal to resistive force. Forces generated within muscle and acting to shorten it are equal to external forces acting at tendons it. SR: improved elasticity and strength maintenance.

Question 46

How does the force-velocity curve impact exercise selection? https://www.scienceforsport.com/force-velocity-curve/

Answer 46

depending on the training goal (e.g. strength or power), higher required force = lower velocity and vice versa. If only one side of the curve is trained, the other while be reduced (e.g. only training max strength improves force production, but reduces muscle contractile velocity). Increased force (strength) shifts right while speed (velocity) shifts left. Increased speed shifts right while force shifts left.