Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Liver > Esophagus > Flashcards

Esophagus Flashcards

0
Q

What is oesophageal varices

A

Dilated submucosal vein @ lower oesophagus secondary to portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the most common cause of death in cirrhosis?

A

Oesophageal varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain the venous drainage of the oesophagus

A

Most blood drains into azygous into superior vena cava

Some blood drain into left gastric vein -> portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain how alcoholism can lead to oesophageal varices

A

Alcoholic – >portal hypertension – >
back up into left gastric vein – >
back up into oesophageal vein – >
submucosal vein dilation = rupture open GI bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain how oesophageal varices presents and how it differs from Mallory-Weiss syndrome

A

Present = haematemesis that is PAINLESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS!!!!!
unlike Mallory-Weiss syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Achalasia

A

Failure of relaxation of lower oesophageal sphincter

due to loss of AUERBACH myenteric plexus

Resulting in disordered motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two causes of achalasia

A

Idiopathic +

trypanosome cruzi - Chagas’ disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the whole pathogenesis of achalasia

A

Idiopathic/T.Cruzi - chagas – >

Achalasia = loss of Auerbach plexus – >

Increased LOS resting pressure (barium swallow = dilated esophagus + distal stenosis = bird beak)
+
uncoordinated peristalsis – >

Dysphagia of solids+liquids=food rot = shit breath ->

⬆️p(SqCC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain GOR D

A

Decreased LOS tone – >
gastric acid/food reflux into oesophagus – >
Stress on lower oesophagus cells – >

metaplasia – >

(Sq.cell – >non-ciliated col. epithelium + goblet cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the risk factors for GORD

A 
Caffeine
Hiatal hernia
Alcohol
Tobacco
Obesity
Fat rich diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the two types of diaphragmatic hernias

A

Hiatal hernia + ParaEsophageal hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens when in a hiatal hernia?

A

Stomach herniates through oesophageal hiatus of diaphragm

Gastro-oesophageal junction displaced upwards – > cardia pressing against oesophagus = don’t really have a LOS – >reflux = GORD

Gastrooesophageal junction displaced upward – > LOS is still normal @hernia + has tone –>
hourglass appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain paraoesophageal hernia

A

Fundus protrudes into thorax = bowel sound heard @lower lung field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If the para-oesophageal hernia is congenital what is its relationship to the lung?

A

Congenital – >⬇️ space for long to develop – >

lung hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What clinical features are associated with GOR D

A

Asthma + cough

Enamel damage

epIIIIIIIgastric pain = heartburn

OOOOOesophagus UUUlcerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of metaplasia happened and Barrett oesophagus

A

Glandula metaplasia

16
Q

Two types of oesophageal carcinoma is

A

Adenocarcinoma + squamous cell carcinoma

17
Q

The oesophagus does not have any glands. How on earth do you still get adenocarcinoma in the oesophagus?

A

Barrett oesophagus = glandula metaplasia @Lower 3rd of oesophagus –>

dysplasia carcinoma sequence –> adenocarcinoma

18
Q

What is the most common type of oesophageal cancer in the west

A

Adenocarcinoma

19
Q

What is the most common oesophageal cancer worldwide

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

20
Q

Where on the oesophagus does oesophageal squamous cell cancer occur

A

Upper 3rd/middle 3rd

21
Q

What are the risk factors for Esophageal Cancer

A 
Achalasia + alcohol (S)
Barrett's oesophagus (A)
Cigarettes (B)
Diverticuli zenkers (S)
Esophageal Webb (S)
Familial + Fat people (a)
GORD (a)
Hot liquids – Tea (China + Iran) (S)
Injury e.g. Lye ingestion
22
Q

Explain what Plummer Vinson syndrome is

A

A web = Protrusion of mucosa – >
Block food – >pile up along web – >rot – >

IRRITATE mucosa

Triad:
Atrophic glossitis (beef red tongue) Dysphasia
Iron deficient anaemia
Esophageal webs

23
Q

Does oesophageal cancer present early or late

A

Late

24
Q

What are the presentations of oesophageal cancer

A

Progressive dysphagia: solid dysph. – >liquid dysph.

Weight loss

Pain

Haematemasis – tumour grows + expands mucosa

25
Q

What are the types of tracheo-oesophageal issues?

A

Pure Esophageal Atresia year – gasless abdomen @CXR

Pure Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula

TEF + EA = 85% most common

26
Q

How is the patient for tracheo-oesophageal fistula + oesophageal atresia present

A

1.baby can’t swallow amniotic fluid – >
can’t remove fluid physiologically – >
polyhydramnios = XS amniotic fluid

2.stomach contents aspirate into distal oesophagus – >going to trachea

  1. Air come into trachea – > distal oesophagus
    – >abdominal distension
27
Q

What kind of diverticular is zenker diverticulum

A

False

28
Q

Explain how a zenker diverticulum forms

A

Acquired defect in muscular wall – >abnormal swallowing – >abnormal pressure at pharynx – >protrusion of mucosa through muscular wall

29
Q

Where exactly in Zenker diverticulum does herniation of mucosal tissue occur?

A

Killian triangle between

Thyropharyngeal + cricopharyngeal parts of

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

30
Q

Patient is born with long hyperplasia and bowel sounds in the lower Lungfield. What is the DDX

A

Para oesophageal hernia

Congenital PEH = decreased space for long development = long hypoplasia

31
Q

Along with progressive dysphagia haematoma sis weight loss and pain what else is squamous oesophageal cancer also present with?

A

Hoarse voice – Tumour at sign of her suffer guess invade into wall into recurrent laryngeal nerve

+

cough – Invade into the trachea

32
Q

Where does upper 1/3 oesophageal cancer spread to?
Where does mid 1/3 oesophageal cancer spread to?
Where does lower 1/3 oesophageal cancer spread to?

A

Open 3rd = cervical nodes

Middle 3rd = mediastinotomy/tracheobronchial nodes

Lower 3rd = coeliac/gastric to nodes

33
Q

Patient comes in with lots of chest pain crepitus in subcutaneous tissue over a chest with tachycardia and tachypnoea. What does he have

A

Boerhaave syndrome – transmural distal oesophagus rupture + mediastinum

Due to violent retching – surgical emergency

GI Liver (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions