Oral Cavity + Salivary Gland

Question 0

Embryologically how does the face form?

Answer 0

One facial prominence superiorly

To facial prominences laterally

To facial prominences inferiorly

Question 1

How do you form a cleft lip/palate

Answer 1

Failure of the facial prominences to fuse – >

full thickness defect of lip/palate

Question 2

Explain how an aphthous ulcer is formed

Answer 2

Stress – >A superficial painful ulceration + all mucosa – >

Grey base (granulation tissue) surround by erythema

Question 3

What happens in behçet syndrome

Answer 3

Recurrent apthous, uveitis, genital ulcers

Question 4

When the patient has oral herpes what does he present with?

Answer 4

HSV -1 – >Vesicle @ oral mucosa – >Rupture – >

Shallow painful Red ulcers

Question 5

Explain the pathogenesis of the cold sore

Answer 5

HSV primary infection occur @Childhood – >

lesions heal – >
virus = dormant @ trigeminal ganglion – >
Stress + sunlight – >reactivate virus – >
vesicles at lips = cold sore

Question 6

What are the risk factors of screamer cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa

Answer 6

Tobacco + alcohol

Question 7

Where in the mouth to scream are so carcinoma of the oral mucosa occur

Answer 7

Floor of mouth

Question 8

Prior to squamous cell carcinoma what usually occurs?

Answer 8

Dysplasia

Question 9

Give two examples of screen was dysplasia of the oral mucosa

Answer 9

Leukoplakia + erythroplakia

Question 10

What is leukoplakia

Answer 10

White plaque that cannot be scraped away

Question 11

What is the DDX of white plaque like material on the tongue?

Answer 11

Oral candidiasis @immunocompromised patients = scraped off

HAIRY leukoplakia = no dysplasia, only hyperplasia
white rough patch
@LATERAL tongue due to EBV @Immunocompromised patient

Question 12

What is Erythroplakia

Answer 12

Red plaque i.e. vascularised leukoplakia with blood vessels

Question 13

What is a erythroplakia suggestive of?

Answer 13

Squamous dysplasia

Question 14

What four things can the mumps a virus infection lead to?

Answer 14

Parotid gland bilaterally inflamed

Orchitis – sterility
ppl > 10 years @ risk of stability
ppl t get orchitis

Pancreatitis

Aseptic meningitis

Question 15

What causes an increase in serum amylase @mumps

Answer 15

Pancreatitis + inflamed parotid gland

Question 16

Explain how Sialadenitis occurs

Answer 16

Sialolithiasis – >stone obstruct – >

S aureus infection usually unilateral

Question 17

Explain pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 17

Benign biphasic tumour

consisting of:

stromal (cartilage) + epithelial tissue (glands)

Question 18

What is the most common tumour of the salivary gland

Answer 18

Pleomorphic adenoma usually @parotid

Question 19

Give for features of a pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 19

Mobile PIC

Mobile – hasn’t invaded local tissue

Painless – not invaded facial nerve

Irregular margins – surgeons cutout adenoma – >due to irregularity – >some left behind – >re-occurrence

Circumscribed mass - distinct from surrounding tissue

Question 20

Patient has mass at the parotid gland for 10 years and presents with facial nerve abnormality all of a sudden. What does this suggest?

Answer 20

Transformation into carcinoma

Question 21

What is the warthin tumour

Answer 21

Benign cystic tumour of salivary gland

Question 22

What is the second most common salivary gland tumour

Answer 22

Warthin tumour

Question 23

What does the warthin tumour consist of

Answer 23

Cystic tumour with lymph-node tissue are you get abundant lymphocytes + germinal centres

Question 24

Explain how embryologically parotid gland is associated with lymph-nodes.

Answer 24

Embryologically sometimes lymph-node tissues associated with the parotid It is one of the last glands to separate from the adjacent stroma

Question 25

What is a mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Answer 25

Malignant tumour composed of mucinous + squamous cells Usually + parotid gland involving the facial nerve