ESR

Question 1

Refers to the speed of the settling of RBCs in Anticoagulated Blood

Answer 1

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

Question 2

ESR measures what? (2)

Answer 2

1. Distance
2. Speed of Fall of RBCs

Question 3

Most important factor influencing ESR

Answer 3

Plasma Proteins

Question 4

3 Stages of ESR

Answer 4

1. Initial Period of Aggregation / Rouleaux Formation
2. Period of Fast Settling
3. Final Period of Packing

Question 5

Time for the First Stage of ESR

Answer 5

First 10 Mins

Question 6

Time for the Second Stage of ESR?

Answer 6

40 Mins

Question 7

Time for the final stage of ESR?

Answer 7

Last 10 mins

Question 8

ESR indirectly measures?

Answer 8

Inflammation

Question 9

2 Importance of ESR

Answer 9

1. Index of Presence of Active Infection
2. Measure Suspension stability of RBCs

Question 10

ESR Indicates abnormal Concentrations of? (3)

Answer 10

1. Fibrinogen
2. Globulin
3. Plasma Proteins

Question 11

2 Methods of ESR Determination

Answer 11

1. Wintrobe-Landsberg Method
2. Westergren Method

Question 12

A quite accurate method for ESR Determination

Answer 12

Wintrobe - Landsberg Method

Question 13

How long do you have to stand the Tubes for ESR Determination?

Answer 13

1 Hour / 60 Mins

Question 14

Normal value of Male in Wintrobe Method?

Answer 14

0-10 mm/hr

Question 15

Normal Value of Females in Wintrobe Method?

Answer 15

0-20 mm/hr

Question 16

0-10 / Red Calibration mark in Wintrobe is used for?

Answer 16

ESR

Question 17

10-0 / White Calibration mark of Wintrobe Tube is used for?

Answer 17

Hematocrit Determination

Question 18

Most sensitive method for ESR Determination?

Answer 18

Westergren Method

Question 19

Can be used for serial studies of Chronic Diseases such as Tuberculosis/Carcinoma?

Answer 19

Westergren Method

Question 20

Normal value of Male in Westergren Method?

Answer 20

0-15 mm/hr

Question 21

Normal Value of Female in Westergren Method?

Answer 21

0-17 mm/hr

Question 22

Length of Westergren Tube

Answer 22

30 cm

Question 23

Length of Wintrobe Tube

Answer 23

11.5 cm

Question 24

Difference Between Westergren and Wintrobe in terms of Bottom of Tube

Answer 24

Westergren: Open
Wintrobe: Flat & Closed

Question 25

Anticoagulant of Choice for Westergren?

Answer 25

3.8% Trisodium Citrate

Question 26

Calibration for Wintrobe?

Answer 26

0-100mm

Question 27

Anticoagulant of Choice for Wintrobe Method?

Answer 27

Hellen & Paul's Double Oxalate

Question 28

Calibration for Westergren Method?

Answer 28

0-200 mm

Question 29

Disadvantage of Wintrobe Method?

Answer 29

Less Sensitive

Question 30

Give at least 5 Clinical Significance of an Increased ESR

Answer 30

1. Rheumatoid Arthritis 2. Pregnancy 3. Bacterial Infection 4. Malignancy 5. Tissue Damage 6. Multiple Myeloma 7. Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia 8. Severe Anemia

Question 31

Give the 4 Clinical Significance of a Normal to Decreased ESR

Answer 31

1. Polycythemia 2. Sickle Cell Anemia 3. Spherocytosis/Poikilocytosis 4. Increase Viscosity

Question 32

3 Sources of Error for Falsely Increased ESR

Answer 32

1. Tilted column 2. Hemolysis 3. Increased room temp

Question 33

3 Sources of Error for Falsely Decreased Results

Answer 33

1. Clotted 2. Excess Anticoagulant 3. Old Blood