Estrous Cycle Flashcards by NAOMI BASAY

__________
the process whereby the gametes are
formed in the gonads

Gametogenesis

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__________
(Gk. Oistros=gadfly, hence frenzy or
desire) the cyclical changes occurring in the reproductive
system of the female mammal

Estrous Cycle

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___________ cyclical changes in the vagina, marked in rodents and correlated with ovarian cycle (Proestrus, estrus, metaestrus, diestrus)

Vaginal Cycle

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___________
cyclical changes in the histology of the
rodent uterus are not marked as they are in primates
(Proestrus, estrus, metaestrus, diestrus)

Uterine Cycle

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_____________
(mensis=month) characterized by
monthly uterine bleeding (estrus cycle) for the primate
cycle

Menstrual Cycle

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Two types of cycles in female mammals

Menstrual Cycles
Estrous Cycles

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Identify the type of cycle:

• Humans and other primates
• Changes in the uterus = uterine cycle
• Caused by events that occur in the ovary
(Ovarian cycle)
• Integrated cycle involving 2 organs (uterus and ovaries)

Menstrual cycles

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Identify the type of cycle:

in other mammals

Estrous cycles

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Integrated Female Cycles
_________
• Follicular phase
• Ovulatory phase
• Luteal phase

Ovarian Cycle

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Integrated Female Cycles
_________
• Menstrual flow phase
• Proliferative phase
• Secretory phase

Uterine/Menstrual Cycle

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Follicle Stimulating Hormones

________
-for growth
-maturation of the
follicle – germ cell,
stratum granulosum

gametokinetic H.

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Follicle Stimulating Hormones:
❖gametokinetic H.
❖-for growth
❖_________________ – germ cell,
stratum granulosum

maturation of the follicle

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Luteinizing Hormone
❖____________ ______
stimulating hormone
❖stimulates theca
interna
❖induces corpus luteum
formation
❖together with FSH
induces maturation of
the Graafian follicle
❖ovulation

insterstitial cell

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Luteotrophin
❖__________/_________
❖maintains corpus
luteum
❖stimulates
secretion of
progesterone by
the corpus
❖lactation of mammary
gland

Lactogenic hormone/prolactin

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Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
• Estrogen
– Follicular hormone
– Promotes proliferation phase of ________ ________
– Stimulates oviducts, vagina, mammary
glands
– Secondary sex characteristics
– Aspects of behavior

uterine cycle

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Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
___________
– Secretes estrogen in 1st half

Follicle

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Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
_________ _________
– secretes estrogen in 2nd half
– Produces progesterone

Corpus luteum

Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
________
– produces estrogen and progesterone
– Produces placental gonadotrophin/
chorionic gonadotrophin

Placenta

Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
___________
– Promotes secretions phase of uterine cycle
– Stimulates mammary glands

Progesterone

Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
________/ __________ ________
– Secreted by pregnant women
– + test for pregnancy in urine

Placental/chorionic gonadotrophin

Differences between
rats and mice

Mice:
-______
-______
-______

• Are not just little rats;
• More olfactory than rats
• More sensitive to introduction of new males

Terminology for Cycle Stages

•__________ – noun
•Estrous - adjective

Estrus

Terminology for Cycle Stages
•Estrus – noun
•Estrous - _______

adjective

The Rodent Estrous Cycle

• Rats and mice are:

❖_________ _______ – they do not
need the presence of male to induce ovulation

spontaneous ovulators

The Rodent Estrous Cycle Rats and mice are: ❖4-6 day cycle – consists of 4 stages = ________, _________, ________ _ (a.k.a. metestrus), and _________ _

estrus, proestrus, diestrus I, and diestrus II

The Rodent Estrous Cycle Rats and mice are: ❖4-6 day cycle – consists of 4 stages = estrus, proestrus, diestrus I (a.k.a. __________), and diestrus II

metestrus

_________ • can refer to a stage of the cycle or to the behavioral manifestation of behavioral receptivity (also known as “heat”) • For rodents, the most highly receptive time is proestrus

Estrus

Estrus • can refer to a stage of the cycle or to the behavioral manifestation of behavioral receptivity (also known as “heat”) • For rodents, the most highly receptive time is ________

proestrus

Differences from Human Menstrual Cycle • Peaks of estrogens and progesterone are __________ _________ in humans while overlap in rodents • Rodents are more to estrous cycle disruption due to sensitivity from light zeitgebers than humans

typically separated

Differences from Human Menstrual Cycle • Peaks of estrogens and progesterone are typically separated in humans while overlap in rodents • Rodents are more to estrous cycle disruption due to sensitivity from light _________ than humans

zeitgebers

Determining Estrous Cycle • ______ ________ __ ______ _______ - Simple method for determining estrous cycle stage

Vaginal lavage or vaginal smear

Determining Estrous Cycle 4 stages can be distinguished by noting _______ ________ _______that are visible during each stage

characteristic cell types

Determining Estrous Cycle • A small amount of physiological solution is inserted into a rat’s or mice’s vagina with disposable pipette, removed, placed on a slide and examined under a microscope. • Volume: _____-____ microliters of saline for rats while 50-200 microliters for mice.

200-500

Vaginal Smear Procedure • Label a slide with the date, time, mouse name, and color. • Introduce a few drops of ___ into the eyedropper and gently insert about ___ cm into the vagina. • Express the saline back and forth, 2 or 3 times by quickly squeezing and releasing the dropper bulb, then remove the resultant fluid and express it onto the labeled slide. • Keep the slide flat and do not let it dry.

NSS, 0.5 cm

Cell Characteristics in Different Cycles • __________ –presence of nucleated epithelial cells that are round; sometimes the cells cornify rapidly in mice

Proestrus

Cell Characteristics in Different Cycles • Proestrus –presence of nucleated epithelial cells that are round; sometimes the cells _______ rapidly in mice

cornify

Cell Characteristics in Different Cycles _________ characterized by non-nucleated, cornified epithelial cells

Estrus

Cell Characteristics in Different Cycles _______ (Diestrus I) low cell number, often with a lot of cell debris

Metestrus

Cell Characteristics in Different Cycles _______ contains mostly lymphocytes

Diestrus II

Cell Characteristics in Different Cycles Diestrus II contains mostly ________

lymphocytes

3 Main Cell Types Detected In Vaginal Smear Samples

A. Nucleated Epithelial Cells B. Cornified Epithelial Cell C. Leukocytes