ppt 5 Flashcards by NAOMI BASAY

True or False
A spermatogenic cycle and wave can be observed along the length of the seminiferous tubule.

True

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True or False
A spermatogenic cycle is a cycle of progressive stages occurring throughout the seminiferous tubules

False (within a particular segment of seminiferous tubules)

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True or False

Spermatogenic Cycle
A single cycle would, therefore,
refer to that in which the same
stage reappears for a certain
duration at a particular
segment

True

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True or False

The number of stages in a spermatogenic
cycle is the same among species.

False (differs among species)

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Mouse has a cycle comprised of twelve
stages numbered from I to X occurring over
9 days

False ( from I to XII, 8.6 days)

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Humans have ________ in a cycle and
it takes _________ 16-day cycles for a
spermatogonium to be transformed into a
spermatozoon

Six stages (I-VI) in a cycle, takes four 16-day cycles

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Refers to the
distance
from one
stage to
another
similar stage

Spermatogenic Wave

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True or False

Spermatogenic wave

Move linearly towards the
inner part of the lumen.

False (spiral -like a corkscrew)

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Spermatogenesis waves

Move in spiral - like a corkscrew- towards the
_______

inner part of the lumen

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Spermatogenesis waves

Outside, on the edge of the tubule and at the
beginning of the spiral, lie the ________

spermatogonia

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Spermatogenesis waves
At the end of the spiral, the ________
cells are in the lumen

fully developed sperm

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Spermatogenesis waves
Several differing generations can be found in a
_______ cross-section.

tubule

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True or False

As time goes on, the wave of spermatogenesis is
shifted towards the left in order to always newly
begin again.

False (shifted towards the right)

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________Occurs in overlapping waves
which pass along the tubules of
the testis so that the stages of
spermatogenesis observed at
any given level of a tubule will
be different from those at
another level
• Wave moves slowly

Spermatogenesis

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Seminiferous tubule Spermatogenic wave

❑_______ Wave
❖ cells bordering the lumen of the tubule;
❖maturing spermatozoa or metamorphosing
spermatids

Oldest

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Seminiferous tubule Spermatogenic wave

________wave
❖Cells in the middle layer of the tubular wall

Intermediate

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Seminiferous tubule Spermatogenic wave

❑_________ Wave
❖Cells near the outer surface of the tubule;
❖spermatogonia ready to undergo meiosis

Youngest

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Seminiferous tubule Spermatogenic wave

❑_________ Wave
❖Cells near the outer surface of the tubule;
❖spermatogonia ready to undergo meiosis

Youngest

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Wave of the seminiferous tubule

True or False

At any one time, each specific
segment of the tubule is in two
stages of the cycle

False (one stage)

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Wave of the Seminiferous tubule

True or False

All the stages of one cycle can be
seen taking place in sequence
within a short segment of a tubule

False (long segment)

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Wave of the seminiferous tubule

What is the reason why one can observe
all the stages in just one section of
the testis?

All the stages of one cycle can be
seen taking place in sequence
within a long segment of a tubule

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________: Glands in which the male
reproductive cells are formed.

Testes or testicle

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Testes or testicles lie, one on each side, in the _______

scrotum

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True or False

Testes or testicles: Each is an oval gland about one
and a half inches long with its long
axis directed downward, backward
and inward.

True

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What are the 2 major functions of Testes or Testicles?

1. producing sperm from stem cell spermatogonia (spermatogenesis) 2. producing androgens, to maintain and regulate androgen mediated functions throughout the body.

True or False One of the major functions of testes is to produce estrogen.

False (to produce ANDROGEN)

Frog's Testis: _______ ovoid

elongated

True or False Mammalian Testes: Elongated Ovoid

False: (Ovoid only)

A strong fibrous coat, from which vertical and horizontal septa penetrate into the substance, thus dividing it into compartments or lobules in which the seminiferous tubes are coiled.

Tunica albuginea

True or False Seminiferous tubules: It is estimated that the total length in the two glands is little short of a mile

True

______ is consist of a basement membrane surrounding several layers of epithelial cells, some of which are constantly being transformed into spermatozoa or male sexual cells.

Seminiferous tubules

Seminiferous tubules are consist of a ________ surrounding several layers of epithelial cells, some of which are constantly being transformed into spermatozoa or male sexual cells.

basement membrane

Seminiferous tubules are consist of a basement membrane surrounding several layers of ________, some of which are constantly being transformed into spermatozoa or male sexual cells.

epithelial cells

_______: a plexus of tubules into which the seminiferous tubes open.

Rete Testis

____________: • A soft body lying behind the testis; it is enlarged above to form the globus major or head, while below is a lesser swelling, the globus minor or tail. • Made up of a convoluted tube about 20 ft. long, from which one long diverticulum (vas aberrans) comes off.

Epididymis

Epididymis • A soft body lying behind the testis; it is enlarged above to form the _____ or head, while below is a lesser swelling, the ________ or tail.

globus major, globus minor

Epididymis • Made up of a convoluted tube about ________ long, from which one long diverticulum (vas aberrans) comes off.

20 ft.

Epididymis • Made up of a convoluted tube about 20 ft. long, from which one long diverticulum (________) comes off.

vas aberrans

Epididymis • Made up of a convoluted tube about 20 ft. long, from which one long ________ (vas aberrans) comes off.

diverticulum

____________: • is the continuation of the tube of the epididymis and starts at the globus minor; • at first it is convoluted, but soon becomes straight, and runs up on the inner (mesial) side of the epididymis to the external abdominal ring in the abdominal wall.

Vas deferens

Vas deferens is the continuation of the tube of the epididymis and starts at the ________

globus minor

Vas deferens: at first it is convoluted, but soon becomes straight, and runs up on the inner (_______) side of the epididymis to the external abdominal ring in the abdominal wall.

mesial

Connective tissue sheath surrounding the testis

Tunica albuginea

Testis •oval body • consists of 2 kinds of epithelia: • (1) ________ epithelium • (2) ________ epithelium

germinal, glandular

compartments of the testis separated by septula

Seminiferous tubule

Seminiferous tubule: compartments of the testis separated by _________

septula

___________: • Stratified epithelium • Gametogenic cell lining the seminiferous tubules

Germinal Epithelium

• Somatic cells • Form part of the glandular epithelium of the testis • Non-gametogenic cells

Leydig and Sertoli Cells

True or False Leydig and Sertoli cells are gametogenic cells

False (non-gametogenic)

True or False Leydig and Sertoli cells are somatic cells

True

Located at the septula; ovoid cells with granulated cytoplasm, which are responsible for the secretion of the male hormone testosterone stimulated by LH in Ant Pit. Gld.

Leydig cells/Interstitial cells

Same size as the active spermatogonia found in between seminiferous tubules outside of the basement membranes

Leydig cells/Interstitial cells

Leydig cells are also known as ______

interstitial cells

Leydig cells are located at the ______

septula

Located at the basal layer of the germinal epithelium; occur singly

Sertoli/Sustentacular cells

Few large triangular cells which bear a prominent nucleus; elongated pyramidal epithelial cells extending from the epithelium of tubular walls to the lumen

Sertoli/Sustentacular cells

• Pale in histological section • Developing sex cells function as nurse cells – nourish the developing sperm cells

Sertoli/Sustentacular cells

Cell Types in the Testis Order of Development and identified according to location, size, form, character of the nucleus

• Spermatogonia • Primary spermatocytes • Secondary spermatocytes • Spermatids • Spermatozoa

One of the figures in the ppt shows Kidney of the male frog during ______ showing spermatozoa in the kidney tubules and Malpighian corpuscles, en route to the uro-(mesonephric) –genital (vasa efferentia) duct.

amplexus

The male form of gamecytogenesis and involves stem cells dividing to replace themselves and to produce a population of cells destined to become mature sperm.

Spermatocytogenesis

Spermatocytogenesis is the male form of __________ and involves stem cells dividing to replace themselves and to produce a population of cells destined to become mature sperm.

gamecytogenesis

The stem cells involved are called spermatogonia and are a specific type of stem cell known as gametogonia.

Spermatocytogenesis

In spermatocytogenesis, the stem cells involved are called ______ and are a specific type of stem cell known as _________

spermatogonia, gametogonia

Spermatocytogenesis Three functionally separate spermatogonial cell types are recognized on the basis of the appearance of the _________: type A dark spermatogonia (Ad), type A pale spermatogonia (Ap), and type B spermatogonia (B).

nuclei

• The population of spermatogonia is maintained by type Ad spermatogonia. • Serve to maintain the supply of stem cells for spermatogenesis. • Each type Ad spermatogonium divides to produce another type Ad spermatogonium, which can further carry on spermatogenesis, and one type Ap spermatogonium, which differentiates further.

Type Ad Spermatogonia ("dark")

Type Ad Spermatogonia serve to maintain the ___________________ for spermatogenesis.

supply of stem cells

Each type Ad spermatogonium divides to produce another type Ad spermatogonium, which can further carry on spermatogenesis, and one _________ spermatogonium, which differentiates further.

Type Ap

• repeatedly divide mitotically to produce identical cell clones linked by cytoplasmic bridges. • The connections between cells allow development to be synchronized. When repeated division ceases, the cells differentiate into type B spermatogonia. • This stage is referred to as the spermatogonial phase.

Type Ap spermatogonia ("pale")

Type Ap spermatogonia repeatedly divide __________ to produce identical cell clones linked by cytoplasmic bridges.

mitotically

Type Ap spermatogonia repeatedly divide mitotically to produce identical cell clones linked by __________

cytoplasmic bridges

Type Ap spermatogonia ("pale") The connections between cells allow development to be synchronized. When repeated division ceases, the cells differentiate into _________

type B spermatogonia

The connections between cells allow development to be synchronized. When repeated division ceases, the cells differentiate into type B spermatogonia. • This stage is referred to as the __________ phase.

spermatogonial

___________ undergo mitosis to produce diploid intermediate cells called primary spermatocytes

Type B spermatogonia

Type B spermatogonia undergo ________ to produce diploid intermediate cells called primary spermatocytes

mitosis

Type B spermatogonia undergo mitosis to produce diploid intermediate cells called _________________

primary spermatocytes

• For humans, entire process of spermatogenesis takes ______ days, including the transport on ductal system, it takes 3 months.

74 days

• For humans, entire process of ___________ takes 74 days, including the transport on ductal system, it takes 3 months. • Testes produce 200 to 300 million spermatozoa daily.

spermatogenesis

• For humans, entire process of spermatogenesis takes 74 days, including the transport on ductal system, it takes ________

3 months

• For humans, Testes produce ___________ spermatozoa daily.

200 to 300 million

In rats, spermatogenesis is ______ days

In _______, spermatogenesis is 20 days

rats