ETC

Question 1

Heme A

Answer 1

Long isoprenoid tail

Detected at 600nm

Question 2

Heme B where can it be found

Answer 2

Myoglobins

Haemoglobins

B type cytochrome

Question 3

What does heme B contain

Answer 3

Iron protoporphyrin IX

Not an isoprenoid tail

Question 4

Heme C

Answer 4

Cytochrome C via thioester bonds to two cysteine residues

Question 5

What do all haems contain

Answer 5

4/5 nitrogen ring in a cyclic structure

Question 6

What does the 4/5 nitrogen ring form

Answer 6

Porphyrin

Question 7

What are the 3 types of Fe-s centres in heme

Answer 7

Simple

Intermediate

Complex

Question 8

What does the simple Fe-s contain

Answer 8

Iron + sulphur with cysteine residues

Question 9

What does intermediate Fe-s contain

Answer 9

2 iron

2 sulphur

Connected via inorganic sulphur on cysteine

Question 10

What does complex Fe-s contain

Answer 10

4iron

4 sulphur

Inorganic sulphur binds

Question 11

Complex 1 structure

Answer 11

2 membrane arm

Question 12

What does complex 1 catalyse the reaction of

Answer 12

Vectorial reaction

Question 13

2 electrons donated by NADH pass into what in complex 1

Answer 13

FMN

Question 14

How many Fe-s centres do the 2 electrons go through complex 1

Where do they go to

Answer 14

6-8 Fe centres

N-2 centre

Question 15

2 protons get pumped into the matrix arm to form with what in complex 1?

Answer 15

Ubiquinone (Q)

Question 16

Ubiquinone forms with what to form what in complex 1

Answer 16

Ubiquinone forms with 2 electrons/protons

Forms ubiquinol (QH2)

Question 17

What’s fully reduced in complex 1

What’s fully oxidised in complex 1

Answer 17

QH2 = fully reduces

Q = fully oxidised

Question 18

How many protons are pumped in complex 1

Answer 18

4

Question 19

Complex 2 contains ABCD subunits, which are integrated into the membrane

Answer 19

C and D

Question 20

Succinate can donate how many electrons in complex 2

Where does succinate come from

Answer 20

2 electrons

From citric Acid

Question 21

Succinate after donating 2 electrons becomes what

What accepts these electrons

Answer 21

Fumerate

FAD reduced —> FADH2

Question 22

What does the 2 electrons in complex 2 pass through?

Answer 22

3x Fe-s centres

Heme B (with iron protoporphyrin IX)

Question 23

What’s formed in complex 2

Answer 23

QH2

Question 24

Electrons can be donated to complex 2 from citric acid cycle (succinate) as well as? (2)

Answer 24

Fatty acid CoA

Glycerol 3 phosphate

Question 25

In complex 3, one electron passes through what to cytochrome C (2) What does this drive the process of

Answer 25

Rieske centre (2Fe-s) Heme C1 Pumps 2 protons our

Question 26

What does the other electron go towards in complex 3 instead of rieske centre What does this process pump

Answer 26

Forms with Ubiquinone (Q) to form Semi radical (Q-) 2 protons into complex

Question 27

2 protons pumped into the complex 3 form with what to form QH2 What does this then allow

Answer 27

Form with semi radical Q- Allows reaction to start again Allowing 4 protons to be pumped out

Question 28

How many subunits are present at complex IV

Answer 28

13 subunits 3 main subunits

Question 29

What does unit 1 contain on complex IV

Answer 29

CUb Heme A Heme A3

Question 30

Unit 2 contains what on complex IV

Answer 30

Cu A

Question 31

What donates electrons to complex IV What do these form

Answer 31

2x Reduced Cytochrome C 2 oxidised cytochrome C

Question 32

What does the 2 electrons donated pass through on complex IV

Answer 32

Unit 2 (CUA) Unit 1 (A / A3 /CUB)

Question 33

What do the 2 electrons in complex IV form with

Answer 33

1/2 O2 + 2 protons Forms H20

Question 34

How many protons are pumped out of complex IV

Answer 34

2 protons

Question 35

What drug inhibits complex 1 and prevents QH2 formation

Answer 35

Rotenone

Question 36

Complex 3 is inhibited by what

Answer 36

Antimycin

Question 37

What inhibits complex IV

Answer 37

Cyanide

Question 38

What happens to the pH of the matrix has protons are pumped into the intermembrane space

Answer 38

Becomes alkali

Question 39

What does the F0 region contain

Answer 39

A B2 C10

Question 40

What does the F1 region contain

Answer 40

a3 B3 D (Greek) E(Greek)

Question 41

What is the central stalk of the F1 to F0

Answer 41

Y

Question 42

What does the B2 unit of F0 attach to on F1

Answer 42

Delta

Question 43

What’s the role of ATP synthase

Answer 43

Convert proton gradient energy into chemical energy

Question 44

What are the 3 confirmations of Beta3

Answer 44

B-ATP conformation B-Empty B-ADP

Question 45

ATP forms through what type of reaction

Answer 45

Condensation

Question 46

How many ATP/360

Answer 46

3ATP

Question 47

Overall how many ATP are produced using P/O ratio of (2.5/1.5)

Answer 47

30-32

Question 48

How many protons are used in synthesis of ATP

Answer 48

1 = transport ATP/ADP/PI 3 = needed to synthesise ATP

Question 49

What does imcreased respiration do on ATP production

Answer 49

More ATP production As more 1/2 O2 reduced into water

Question 50

How many protons pumped from succinate

Answer 50

6

Question 51

How many protons pumped per NADH

Answer 51

10

Question 52

What can produce antimycin A

Answer 52

Streptomyces bacteria