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Ethernet Fundamentals Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

10BASE-T

A

UTP
● Maximum speed: 10 Mbps
● Maximum distance: 100 meters

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2
Q

Deterministic

A

Deterministic

● Very organized and orderly

● Need an electronic token to transmit

● For example, Token Ring networks

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3
Q

Contention-based

A

Contention-based

● Very chaotic

● Transmit (almost) whenever you want

● For example, Ethernet networks

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4
Q

CSMA/CD

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detect (CSMA/CD)
▪ ETHERNET devices transmit based on a principle called carrier sense multiple access/collision detect (CSMA/CD)
▪ Carrier sense
● Listen to the wire, verify it is not busy
▪ Multiple access
● All devices have access at any time
▪ Collision detect
● If two devices transmit at the same time, a collision occurs
● Back off, wait a random time, and try again

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5
Q

802.3ad

A

Link Aggregation
▪ Congestion can occur when ports all operate at the same speed
▪Allows for combination of multiple physical connections into a single logical connection Bandwidth available is increased and the congestion is minimized or prevented

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6
Q

PoE 802.3af, PoE+ 802.3at

A

▪ Supplies electrical power over Ethernet

● Requires CAT 5 or higher copper cable

● Provides up to 15.4 watts of power to device

● PoE+ provides up to 25.5 W of power to device ▪ Two device types

● Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE)

● Powered Device (PD)

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7
Q

802.1x

A

User Authentication

▪ For security purposes, switches can require users to authenticate themselves before gaining access to the network

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8
Q

OOB

A

Out-of-band (OOB) management involves keeping all network configuration devices on a separate network

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9
Q

HSRP

A

▪ Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) uses virtual IP and MAC addresses to provide a “active router” and a “standby router”

● HSRP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol

● If Active is offline, then standby answers

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10
Q

GLBP

A

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)

First Hop Redundancy

● Cisco-proprietary protocol

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11
Q

VRRP

A

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

First Hop Redundancy

● Open-source protocol

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12
Q

CARP

A

Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP)

First Hop Redundancy

● Open-source protocol

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13
Q

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) (802.1D)

▪ Permits redundant links between switches and prevents looping of network traffic

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14
Q

100BASE-TX

A

CAT 5 or higher
100 Mbps
100m

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15
Q

1000BASE-TX

A

CAT 6 or higher
1 Gbps
100m

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16
Q

1000BASE-SX

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A

MMF
1 Gbps
220 m

17
Q

100 BASE-LX

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A

SMF
1 Gbps
5 km

18
Q

1000BSE-ZX

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A

SMF
1 Gbps
70km

19
Q

Hub

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A

Same Collision Domain

20
Q

Bridge

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A

Separates Collisoin Domains

21
Q

Switch

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A

Each port separates Collision Domain

22
Q

Router

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A

Separates Broadcast Domain

23
Q

802.1x

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A

User Authentication

▪ For security purposes, switches can require users to authenticate themselves before gaining access to the network

24
Q

HSRP

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A

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) uses virtual IP and MAC addresses to provide a “active router” and a “standby router”

FIRST HOP REDUNDANCY

● HSRP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol

● If Active is offline, then standby answers

25
STP
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) (802.1D) ▪ Permits redundant links between switches and prevents looping of network traffic
26
SPB
Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) is used instead of STP for larger network environments
27
Root Bridge
Root bridge ● Switch elected to act as a reference point for a spanning tree ● Switch with the lowest bridge ID (BID) is elected as the root bridge ● BID is made up of a priority value and a MAC address (with the lowest value considered root)
28
Root Port
Root Port ● Every non-root bridge has a single root port ● Port closest to the root bridge in terms of cost ● If costs are equal, lowest port number is chosen
29
Port States
Blocking, Listening, Learning, Forwarding
30
BPDU
Bridge Protocol Data Units Frames that contain information about the spanning tree protocol. A switch sends BPDUs using a unique source MAC address from its origin port to a multicast address with destination MAC
31
Link Costs
▪ Associated with the speed of a link | ▪ Lower the link’s speed, the higher the cost
32
802.1q
VLAN Trunking ▪ Multiple VLANs transmitted over the same physical cable ▪ VLANs are each tagged with 4-byte identifier ● Tag Protocol Identifier (TPI) ● Tag Control Identifier (TCI) ▪ One VLAN is left untagged Called the Native VLAN
33
Proxy Server
▪ Device that makes a request to external network on behalf of a client ▪ Used for security to perform content filtering and logging ▪ Workstation clients are configured to forward their packets to a proxy server
34
NAS
Network Attached Storage (NAS) ● Disk storage is delivered as a service over TCP/IP
35
SAN
Storage Area Network (SAN) ● Specialized LAN designed for data transfer/storage ● Transfers data at block level with special protocol ● Fibre Channel (FC) o Special purpose hardware providing 1-16 Gbps
36
FCoE
Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) Removes need for specialized hardware Runs over your Ethernet networks
37
iSCSI
SCSI (IP Small Computer System Interface) o Lower cost, built using Ethernet switches (<10 Gbps) o Relies on configuration allowing jumbo frames over the network
38
Infiniband
Infiniband (Virtualized Storage) ▪ Switched fabric topology for high-performance computing ▪ Very high throughput (>600 Gbps) with very low latency (0.5 µsec) ▪ Direct or switched connection between servers and storage systems
39
SDN
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) ▪ Provides the administrator with an easy-to-use front end to configure physical and virtual devices throughout the network ▪ All the configurations are automatically done ▪ Provides administrator and overview of the entire network

Network+ (11 decks)

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